FTIR microscopy and confocal Raman microscopy for studying lateral drug diffusion from a semisolid formulation

Gotter, B.; Faubel, W.; Neubert, Reinhard H.H.

doi:10.1016/j.ejpb.2009.07.006

Cited by 40 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…The third effect is the uncertainties in the analysis depth, induced by the difference in the refractive index as described by previous works [51][52][53][54][55][56][57][58] . This correction might be considered because it could lead to an underestimation of the real depth by a factor of 15-20%.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This problem was studied and described by many groups [51][52][53][54][55][56][57][58] , and a recent study by Xiao et al [59] , using multilayered systems constituted with polymer films with refractive indexes close to those of the human skin, showed that the error in the measurement led to an underestimation of the depth value of 15-20%. Therefore, all depth values deduced from Raman measurements should be theoretically corrected by applying a factor of 15-20%.…”

Section: Confocal Raman Microscope Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Confocal Raman Microspectroscopy for Evaluating the Stratum Corneum Removal by 3 Standard Methods

Förster

Bolzinger

Rovere

et al. 2010

Skin Pharmacol Physiol

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Background/Aims: Stratum corneum (SC) removal is needed in biopharmaceutical studies or in evaluating the barrier function. The most common technique is the tape stripping method. However, it results in neither a homogeneous nor a complete removal. Methods: The removal qualities of tape stripping, cyanoacrylate skin surface biopsy and trypsinization were estimated in vitro via histological imaging and confocal Raman microspectroscopy (CRM) and compared. In addition, the potential of the noninvasive CRM as a replacement method is discussed. Results: Comparison between the 3 methods showed, as expected, that the tape stripping method did not result in a uniform removal over the whole surface even after 28 strips. The trypsinization and cyanoacrylate skin surface biopsies allowed a complete and uniform removal of the SC after defining a standard protocol (2 cyanoacrylate strips with a polymerization time of 15 min). Conclusion: The feasibility of CRM to control SC removal was demonstrated in vitro. Tape stripping is a simple method, but it is influenced by many extrinsic factors and axial drug quantification is difficult. With trypsinization and cyanoacrylate methods, the entire SC is removed so that quantification over the whole SC is possible but not an axial drug screening.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Confocal Raman Microscope Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Confocal Raman Microspectroscopy for Evaluating the Stratum Corneum Removal by 3 Standard Methods

Förster

Bolzinger

Rovere

et al. 2010

Skin Pharmacol Physiol

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…This problem was studied and described by many groups (36)(37)(38)(39)(40)(41)(42)(43)(44), and a recent study by Xiao et al, using multilayered systems constituted with polymers films with refractive indexes close to those of the human skin, showed that the error in the measurement led to an underestimation of the depth value of 15-20% (45). Therefore, all depth values deduced from Raman measurements should be theoretically corrected by applying a 15-20% factor.…”

Section: Confocal Raman Microscope Studiesmentioning

confidence: 96%

Ingredients Tracking of Cosmetic Formulations in the Skin: A Confocal Raman Microscopy Investigation

et al. 2011

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“…• the influence of penetration enhancers on the delivery of trans-retinol into human skin • the penetration enhancing effect of propylene glycol and oleic acid • the penetration enhancement effect of propylene glycol was easy to follow, and propylene glycol was also detected in the deeper layers of the skin Gotter et al [126] 2010…”

Section: Researchermentioning

confidence: 99%

Methods to Evaluate Skin Penetration In Vitro

et al. 2019

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Dermal and transdermal drug therapy is increasing in importance nowadays in drug development. To completely utilize the potential of this administration route, it is necessary to optimize the drug release and skin penetration measurements. This review covers the most well-known and up-to-date methods for evaluating the cutaneous penetration of drugs in vitro as a supporting tool for pharmaceutical research scientists in the early stage of drug development. The aim of this article is to present various experimental models used in dermal/transdermal research and summarize the novel knowledge about the main in vitro methods available to study skin penetration. These techniques are: Diffusion cell, skin-PAMPA, tape stripping, two-photon microscopy, confocal laser scanning microscopy, and confocal Raman microscopic method.

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FTIR microscopy and confocal Raman microscopy for studying lateral drug diffusion from a semisolid formulation

Cited by 40 publications

References 29 publications

Confocal Raman Microspectroscopy for Evaluating the Stratum Corneum Removal by 3 Standard Methods

Confocal Raman Microspectroscopy for Evaluating the Stratum Corneum Removal by 3 Standard Methods

Ingredients Tracking of Cosmetic Formulations in the Skin: A Confocal Raman Microscopy Investigation

Methods to Evaluate Skin Penetration In Vitro

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