Fuel Cells For Aircraft Applications

Renouard-Vallet, Gwénaëlle; Kallo, Josef; Friedrich, K. Andreas; Schirmer, Johannes; Saballus, Martin; Schmithals, Gerrit

doi:10.1149/1.3562482

Cited by 15 publications

(11 citation statements)

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“…Although the researchers have been continuously putting much effort to include the FCs in the aviation sector from the earliest period of the 19th century, still many more R & D is going on to completely establish the FC technology in air transportation. A detailed overview of H 2 production, tank shape, and configuration, etc.…”

Section: Current Statusmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Recent advances, unsolved deficiencies, and future perspectives of hydrogen fuel cells in transportation and portable sectors

et al. 2019

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Considering the prevailing energy crisis and fast economic growth, the demand for clean alternative power sources for applications in stationary, transportation, and the portable sectors is increasing continuously. In this regard, fuel cell (FC) technology has already proved its potency as an alternative power unit for stationary applications, and now it is gearing up to serve in portable and transportation sectors. This literature review demonstrates the current status, technical accomplishments, and future perspectives of the hydrogen FC in both transportation and portable sectors. It highlights the advancement and current status of FC technology in the urban transit system admitting all the major field applications such as land ways, waterways, airways, and railways. It also highlights small power units for military equipment, auxiliary power units (APU), educational kits, and consumer electronics gadgets such as laptops, smartphone, and chargers, etc. Moreover, the major obstacles that restrict the widespread commercialization of FCs such as fuel storage and distribution, proper hydrogen infrastructure, and operational costs are thoroughly discussed. The future perspective and target toward the development of cost-effective stack are also reported here. We believe that it could serve as a valuable resource for the researchers working on the development of FC technology.

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Section: Current Statusmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…G. Renouard‐Vallet et al investigated and assessed the capability of various FCs for aircraft applications under different circumstances (at reduced pressure, lower vibrations, etc.) on a laboratory scale.…”

Section: Current Statusmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent advances, unsolved deficiencies, and future perspectives of hydrogen fuel cells in transportation and portable sectors

et al. 2019

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“…Several studies have previously considered the integration of fuel cell systems into aircraft [4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18]. Different aspects of the integration process have been considered.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These included the theoretical integration of a FC system to partially cover the electrical load on the APU on a Boeing 787-8 [14]. In addition, working prototypes on a small remote piloted scale have been designed and flown [4][5][6][9][10][11]. The success of these studies has ranged from flights of three minutes to over two hours on FC power.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The significantly higher operating temperature of a SOFC (700-1,000°C) compared with 60-100°C for a PEM FC [3] allows it to reform light fossil fuels such as methane into hydrogen. However, if PEM fuel cells are used, then their relatively low operating temperature could potentially reduce the thermal signature of the electrical generation and/or propulsive system of the aircraft.Several studies have previously considered the integration of fuel cell systems into aircraft [4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18]. Different aspects of the integration process have been considered.…”

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confidence: 99%

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A Fuel Cell System Sizing Tool Based on Current Production Aircraft

Thirkell¹,

Chen²,

Harrington³

2017

SAE Technical Paper Series

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Electrification of aircraft is on track to be a future key design principal due to the increasing pressure on the aviation industry to significantly reduce harmful emissions by 2050 and the increased use of electrical equipment. This has led to an increased focus on the research and development of alternative power sources for aircraft, including fuel cells. These alternative power sources could either be used to provide propulsive power or as an Auxiliary Power Unit (APU). Previous studies have considered isolated design cases where a fuel cell system was tailored for their specific application. To accommodate for the large variation between aircraft, this study covers the design of an empirical model, which will be used to size a fuel cell system for any given aircraft based on basic design parameters. The model was constructed utilising aircraft categorisation, fuel cell sizing and balance of plant sub-models. Fifteen aircraft categories were defined based on the primary function and propulsion method of the aircraft. For each category, propulsive power and electrical generation requirements were calculated. Based on the results from categorisation and the flight envelope of the aircraft, fuel cell and balance of plant systems are defined. The total system mass and volume are given as outputs, along with polarisation and power curves for the fuel cell. This study finds that the model can accurately predict the electrical generation capability and propulsive requirements across the defined aircraft categories. In addition, the model can appropriately define key, high-level fuel cell parameters based on current Polymer Electrolyte Membrane (PEM) technology. Total fuel cell system mass and volume are calculated and shown to be reasonable for small aircraft. For larger aircraft with a Maximum Take-Off Weight (MTOW) greater than 50,000kg, current PEM technology is not able to match the gravimetric power density of existing APUs. IntroductionElectrification of aircraft is on track to be a key design principal in the future due to the increasing pressure on the whole aviation industry to significantly reduce harmful emissions by 2050 [1]. This has led to an increased focus on the research and development of alternative power sources for aircraft, including fuel cells. These alternative power sources could either be used to provide propulsive power or as an Auxiliary Power Unit (APU).Hydrogen fuel cells produce electricity through an exothermic electrochemical reaction between hydrogen and oxygen. This highly efficient reaction only produces heat and water as by-products [2]. Two Fuel Cell (FC) technologies currently being researched for use in aerospace applications are Solid Oxide Fuel Cells (SOFC) and Polymer Electrolyte Membrane (PEM) fuel cells. A key difference between these two technologies is their operating temperature. The significantly higher operating temperature of a SOFC (700-1,000°C) compared with 60-100°C for a PEM FC [3] allows it to reform light fossil fuels such as methane into hydrogen. Ho...

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High Temperature Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cell Systems for Aircraft Applications

Waiblinger

Kallo

Schirmer

et al. 2016

High Temperature Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cells

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part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made.

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Fuel Cells For Aircraft Applications

Cited by 15 publications

References 2 publications

Recent advances, unsolved deficiencies, and future perspectives of hydrogen fuel cells in transportation and portable sectors

Recent advances, unsolved deficiencies, and future perspectives of hydrogen fuel cells in transportation and portable sectors

A Fuel Cell System Sizing Tool Based on Current Production Aircraft

High Temperature Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cell Systems for Aircraft Applications

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