Fuel Control Systems for Planetary Transmission Vehicles: A Contribution to the LPG-fueled Vehicles Community

Abstract

The bi-fuel system vehicle (gasoline/LPG) has been developed for a long time because it has the ability to switch fuels, both built as an original equipment manufacturer (OEM) or as a modified vehicle. However, on vehicles with planetary automatic transmissions, additional control systems are needed to produce optimal performance, both on gasoline and LPG operations, especially on uphill roads. Old vehicles with planetary automatic transmissions are not equipped with road slope angle sensors, so on uphill roads and the driver has not mastered road conditions, the engine tends to stop suddenly. Therefore, this study aims to develop a fuel control system (LPG operation) on a planetary automatic transmission to control gear shifts based on the level of the road slope. A simulation with MATLAB Simulink we used to create a control system, with objective function and constraint defined. As a result, the control system can recognize the level of the road slope to control the speed gear shift. This control system is promising and reliable to be implemented in real conditions.

Mathematical modeling and cost comparison for electricity generation from petrol and liquified petroleum gas (LPG)

“…Insufficient heat supply results in an increase in the density of LPG and it causes an increase in the mass flow rate of LPG to the engine. Control system interventions with input from engine load, intake manifold vacuum, and throttle valve can be applied to improve performance at all engine speeds and provide lower fuel consumption [14]. In addition, the cost of LPG against petrol is also affected by the price per unit mass [17].…”

“…With the recent increase in the petrol price, petrol shortages and the debate on the removal of fuel subsidy in developing countries, the populace is trying to source for other sources of fuel for generator that is economical. LPG is one of the fuels at the center stage of this consideration for various sectors due to lower emissions than petrol [13], [14]. While some people are portraying LPG to be cheaper than petrol, some are not sure of its cheapness, hence, this study compares the cost of running a generator on both petrol and LPG.…”

Design and Experiment of a Prototype Electronic Control Unit Direct Injection Fuel System Arduino-Based for 2-stroke Spark Ignition Engine

“…The existing ECU from the factory is tuned according to the specific engine requirements, so modifying the system requires remapping and recalibration through a difficult procedure [24], [25], therefore it is necessary to develop an open source-based ECU that can be easily reprogrammed. Study on design and development of a prototype Arduino-based low-cost open-source electronic control unit for electric utility vehicles, experimental results have proven to be fully functional and robust [26], [27]. The design and experiment of anti-collision control for Arduino-based smart vehicle systems further obtained the results that the Arduino processing unit can be modified by adding more sophisticated designs including speed control, ignition pollution, etc.…”

A Green Heterogeneous Catalyst Production and Characterization for Biodiesel Production using RSM and ANN Approach

“…Biomass selection, thermal management, and waste pyrolysis have been done to cut down on fossil fuel use (Adetunji et al, 2021;Elehinafe et al, 2021;Sunaryo et al, 2021;Supriyanto et al, 2019). Cleaner fuels like liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) and compressed natural gas (CNG) have been used, but they have not been able to replace conventional fuels like gasoline and diesel oil on a larger scale (Kivevele et al, 2020;Munahar et al, 2021;Susanto & Setiyo, 2018). Ethanol has also been introduced for a long time, even from local sources (Syarifudin et al, 2020;Wahyu et al, 2019), but implementation on a larger scale still remains a challenge due to uncompetitive market prices.…”