Fuel quality changes during seasonal storage of compacted logging residues and young trees

Pettersson, Mats W.; Nordfjell, Tomas

doi:10.1016/j.biombioe.2007.01.009

Cited by 125 publications

(81 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…We measured percent DM loss of the materials and found that 0.06-0.26 % of DM was lost for the non-aerobic reactors, as compared to 0.15-0.57 % for the aerobic reactors under different temperatures. Such small degree of DM loss over the storage period compared to those reported for other materials in the literature seems to reaffirm the decay-resistance characteristics of WRC (Wihersaari 2005;Pettersson and Nordfjell 2007;Eriksson and Gustavsson 2010). Therefore, the CO 2 emissions observed in this study could be primarily due to microbial respiration rather than decomposition of the biomass.…”

Section: Aerobic Conditionssupporting

confidence: 84%

Quantification of gas emissions from stored softwood chips as solid biofuels

Lau

Sokhansanj

et al. 2014

Int. J. Environ. Sci. Technol.

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Western Red Cedar (WRC) is one of the abundant softwood species, which is considered as a good source of biofuel. This paper aims at quantifying gas emissions from stored WRC woodchips and studying the potential health impact during storage and transportation. Experiments were conducted using lab-scale reactors for a range of temperatures under both non-aerobic and aerobic conditions depending on oxygen level. Results from tests using non-aerobic reactors showed that the highest carbon dioxide emission factor of 2.8 g/kg dry matter (DM) was observed at 20°C for a storage period of 2 months. Although the carbon monoxide emission factor was much lower at 0.03 g/kg DM, it increased with increasing temperatures due to chemical oxidation. Carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide emissions from the aerobic reactors exhibited similar trends as the non-aerobic reactors with respect to the effect of temperature. Total gas emissions were higher from the aerobic reactors compared with those from non-aerobic reactors. Results from the qualitative gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis indicated a range of volatile organic compounds was emitted from the stored WRC woodchips. Some of these volatile organic compounds might be associated with the characteristic pungent smell of WRC which could cause odor nuisance to the neighboring community. The total volatile organic compounds concentration was found to be positively correlated with temperature. At the end of the storage period, percent DM loss was below 1 % for both the non-aerobic and aerobic reactors, reaffirming the decay-resistance characteristics of WRC.

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Section: Aerobic Conditionssupporting

confidence: 84%

Quantification of gas emissions from stored softwood chips as solid biofuels

Lau

Sokhansanj

et al. 2014

Int. J. Environ. Sci. Technol.

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“…1b). The monthly fluctuation was partially attributed to the season of the harvest, as concluded also by Pettersson and Nordfjell (2007) and Picchio et al (2012). Forest harvesting is typically carried out by chainsaws and skidders in Slovakia (Ambrušová et al 2013;Forests of the Slovak Republic 2015).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…Throughout the year, the moisture content of the samples either increased or decreased, based on the precipitation, outside temperature and the season of the harvest (Pettersson and Nordfjell 2007;Lenz et al 2015). The largest difference was recorded between the samples from March (45%) and July (32%).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Ash Content vs. the Economics of Using Wood Chips for Energy: Model Based on Data from Central Europe

et al. 2017

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Biomass utilization is vital for developing sustainability in the bioenergy sector. In this work the effects of high ash content on the heating properties of wood chips were evaluated. In an analysis of 450 wood chips samples, the ash content, moisture content, and gross calorific value were determined, and a generalized linear model was created to identify the relationship between the gross calorific value and the ash content of the wood chips. The mean ash content of the analyzed wood chips samples was 2.64%, the mean moisture content was 38.8%, and the mean gross calorific value was 19.43 MJ kg -1. Statistical analyses showed that 49% of the gross calorific value variability was due to the ash content variability. A one percent increase in ash content resulted in a 0.11 MJ kg -1 decrease of gross calorific value. The estimated costs of ash disposal at various ash contents were calculated. Burning wood chips with 5% ash content would lead to depositing an extra 5.6 megatons in the US or 21.2 megatons in the EU, compared to burning wood chips with 2.5% ash content.

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“…Moreover, high contents of needles and fine branches reduce the airflow velocity within the piles. In particular, there have been a few studies dealing with the drying speed of logging residue piles at roadside landings, which reported different drying performances of brush piles [33,34,37,38]. Stampfer and Kanzian [37] reported that moisture content of logging residue piles decreased from 40-50% to 15-29% during summer, whereas analyses of Nurmi [33] showed only a slight decrease in moisture content from 56% to 42% within one year.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Performance of a Mobile Star Screen to Improve Woodchip Quality of Forest Residues

Huber

Kroisleitner

Stampfer

2017

Forests

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Low harvesting costs and increasing demand for forest-derived biomass led to an increased use of full-tree (FT) harvesting in steep terrain areas in Austria. Logging residues, as a by-product of FT harvesting, present an easily accessible bioenergy resource, but high portions of fine particles and contaminants like earth particles and stones make them a complex and difficult fuel, as they affect storage capability, conversion efficiency, or emission rates adversely. The present research focuses on the productivity and performance of a star screen, which was used to remove fine and oversize particles from previously chipped, fresh Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) logging residue woodchips. Three screen settings, which differed in terms of different rotation speeds of the fine star elements (1861 rpm, 2239 rpm, 2624 rpm) were analyzed. Time studies of the star screen were carried out to estimate screening productivity and costs. Furthermore, 115 samples were collected from all material streams, which were assessed for particle size distribution, calorific value, ash content, and component and elemental composition. Average productivity was 20.6 tonnes (t) per productive system hour (PSH 15 ), corresponding to screening costs of 9.02 €/t. The results indicated that the screening of chipped logging residues with a star screen influenced material characteristics of the medium fraction, as it decreased the ash content, the incidence of fine particles, and the nutrient content. The different screen settings had a noticeable influence on the quality characteristics of the screening products. An increase of the rotation speed of the fine stars reduced screening costs per unit of screened material in the medium fraction, but also lowered screening quality.

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Fuel quality changes during seasonal storage of compacted logging residues and young trees

Cited by 125 publications

References 7 publications

Quantification of gas emissions from stored softwood chips as solid biofuels

Quantification of gas emissions from stored softwood chips as solid biofuels

Ash Content vs. the Economics of Using Wood Chips for Energy: Model Based on Data from Central Europe

Performance of a Mobile Star Screen to Improve Woodchip Quality of Forest Residues

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