Full energy system transition towards 100% renewable energy in Germany in 2050

Hansen, Kenneth; Mathiesen, Brian Vad; Skov, Iva Ridjan

doi:10.1016/j.rser.2018.11.038

Cited by 378 publications

(148 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…According to the Federal Network Agency, wind and solar power are dependent on weather conditions and consequently power generation is subject to fluctuations. In an energy system that is predominantly based on renewable energies, it is necessary to manage such large and rapid fluctuations while maintaining the flexibility to respond to variations in electricity demand . The provision of a basic energy supply and options for flexible power generation are thus necessary.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1 The core of this transition consists of the substitution of fossil fuels with renewable energy sources. [1][2][3][4][5] Today, renewables make up more than one-third of power production in Germany, making them the foremost source of energy in the country's electricity supply. 6 Other dominant energy sources such as lignite, hard coal, natural gas and nuclear power have been static or slowly decreasing in the past 20 years, but the share of renewable energy in the German energy landscape has been increasing continuously.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In an energy system that is predominantly based on renewable energies, it is necessary to manage such large and rapid fluctuations while maintaining the flexibility to respond to variations in electricity demand. 1,17 The provision of a basic energy supply and options for flexible power generation are thus necessary. Biogas production provides stable bioenergy generation, [18][19][20] and various scholars view bioenergy production from biomass as the most prudent current option to serve flexible consumption demands.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

The replacement of maize (Zea mays L.) by cup plant (Silphium perfoliatum L.) as biogas substrate and its implications for the energy and material flows of a large biogas plant

Cossel

Amarysti

Wilhelm

et al. 2020

Biofuels Bioprod Bioref

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Excessive cultivation of maize (Zea mays L.) as a biogas substrate has fired debate about potential land‐use change effects of bioenergy cropping systems. Cup plant ( Silphium perfoliatum L.) is a perennial biogas crop that provides more environmental services than maize. This study investigated (i) how to replace maize with cup plant as a biogas substrate in a large‐scale biogas plant located in southwest Germany, and (ii) how to optimize the energy and material cycles of such a biogas plant given the new feedstock. The biogas plant produces 1000 m3 biogas per hour with plans for it to be combined with a large dairy farm (1000 dairy units). It was found that the substitution of maize with cup plant as a biogas substrate results in a methane yield reduction of 10% to 20% due to lower biomass yields. However, there exists a strong potential to increase both biomass yields and biogas substrate quality of cup plant by optimizing establishment procedures and better genotypes. Furthermore, cup plant provides food and shelter for open land animals, including birds and insects, and could hence be a suitable alternative to maize for large biogas plants, being more environmentally beneficial. Extracting proteins from cup‐plant biomass could also help replace soy with locally produced protein for feeding cattle. Hydrothermal carbonization is a promising tool for closing nutrient cycles and for extracting phosphate from digestate, but more research is needed before it can be put into practice. © 2020 The Authors. Biofuels, Bioproducts and Biorefining published by Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The replacement of maize (Zea mays L.) by cup plant (Silphium perfoliatum L.) as biogas substrate and its implications for the energy and material flows of a large biogas plant

Cossel

Amarysti

Wilhelm

et al. 2020

Biofuels Bioprod Bioref

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The generated output power of the PV system (PV p (t)) is significantly determined by the solar irradiances incident on the PV surface and temperature. The PV output power as a function of input variables is given by (2) [43]:…”

Section: Pv Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These aspirations are portrayed by the commitment of most countries to the formulation and chartering of strategic policies that are targeted towards attaining 100% green energy transition in the near future [1]. Many countries have embarked on different sustainable energy pathways; for example Germany [2] and Sweden [3] aims to attain 100% renewable energy by 2050 while Hawaii in the United States has set 2045 as a target [4]. Several African countries have also taken significant steps and shown visible commitment towards massive green energy uptakes mainly by wind and solar energy.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multi-Objective Optimal Capacity Planning for 100% Renewable Energy-Based Microgrid Incorporating Cost of Demand-Side Flexibility Management

et al. 2019

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The need for energy and environmental sustainability has spurred investments in renewable energy technologies worldwide. However, the flexibility needs of the power system have increased due to the intermittent nature of the energy sources. This paper investigates the prospects of interlinking short-term flexibility value into long-term capacity planning towards achieving a microgrid with a high renewable energy fraction. Demand Response Programs (DRP) based on critical peak and time-ahead dynamic pricing are compared for effective demand-side flexibility management. The system components include PV, wind, and energy storages (ESS), and several optimal component-sizing scenarios are evaluated and compared using two different ESSs without and with the inclusion of DRP. To achieve this, a multi-objective problem which involves the simultaneous minimization of the loss of power supply probability (LPSP) index and total life-cycle costs is solved under each scenario to investigate the most cost-effective microgrid planning approach. The time-ahead resource forecast for DRP was implemented using the scikit-learn package in Python, and the optimization problems are solved using the Multi-Objective Particle Swarm Optimization (MOPSO) algorithm in MATLAB R . From the results, the inclusion of forecast-based DRP and PHES resulted in significant investment cost savings due to reduced system component sizing.Keywords: demand response program (DRP); photovoltaic system (PV); pumped heat energy storage (PHES); critical peak pricing (CPP) DRP; time-ahead dynamic pricing (TADP) DRP; loss of power supply probability (LPSP); energy storage system (ESS); Multi-Objective Particle Swarm Optimization (MOPSO)

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Transition Metal‐Based Electrocatalysts for Seawater Oxidation

Yang

Zhou

Wang

et al. 2022

Adv Materials Inter

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Electrocatalytic water splitting is an effective strategy, which can convert intermittent energy such as wind energy and solar energy into renewable and sustainable hydrogen energy. Global freshwater resources are extremely scarce. Compared with freshwater, seawater is a rich and sustainable resource, and it has attracted more and more attention in electrocatalysis. However, the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) is a four‐electron transfer process, which leads to slow reaction kinetics. Moreover, the presence of various elements in seawater and their interference to electrochemistry make the OER in seawater extremely challenging. Herein, the latest progress in the development of transition metal‐based OER electrocatalytic materials for seawater is reviewed by hydroxides, oxides, chalcogenides, phosphides, and nitrides. Focus is made on how to eliminate competitive reaction chlorine evolution reaction of OER in electrolytic seawater. The recent research advances of OER catalyst for selective electrolysis seawater are summarized from the aspects of structure design, mechanism understanding, and performance enhancement strategy. Finally, the challenges, prospects, and research directions of seawater electrocatalysis for OER are introduced.

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Full energy system transition towards 100% renewable energy in Germany in 2050

Cited by 378 publications

References 51 publications

The replacement of maize (Zea mays L.) by cup plant (Silphium perfoliatum L.) as biogas substrate and its implications for the energy and material flows of a large biogas plant

The replacement of maize (Zea mays L.) by cup plant (Silphium perfoliatum L.) as biogas substrate and its implications for the energy and material flows of a large biogas plant

Multi-Objective Optimal Capacity Planning for 100% Renewable Energy-Based Microgrid Incorporating Cost of Demand-Side Flexibility Management

Transition Metal‐Based Electrocatalysts for Seawater Oxidation

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