Fully automated chip-based nanoelectrospray ionization-mass spectrometry as an effective tool for rapid and high-throughput screening of 5α-reductase inhibitors

Using alternative test methods to predict endocrine disruption and reproductive adverse outcomes: do we have enough knowledge?

“…The OECD validated TGs cover only a subset of relevant endpoints, and several supplementary and alternative methods to test for other modes-of-action important for male reproductive development and function are available. For example, androgen receptor (AR) binding assay, AR translocation assay, coregulatory recruitment (Kleinstreuer et al, 2017;Lynch et al, 2017), aromatase (CYP19A1) inhibition (CompTox_Chemicals_Dashboard) and 5α-reductase inhibition (Kim et al, 2021;Srivilai et al, 2016;Zheng et al, 2020) are available; albeit, they remain to be validated under OECD.…”

Recent advances in analytical techniques for high throughput experimentation

“…64 Using a TOF-MS coupled to chip-based LC, Zheng et al were able to automate a high throughput drug screening platform used in pharmaceutical industry. 65 Besides relying on miniaturization to achieve faster separations, throughput can also be increased by fabricating devices that include multiple, parallel separation channels. Komendova et al 66 recently reported on a titanium device with four parallel channels that was manufactured by 3D printing and that featured an electrochemical detector capable of simultaneous analysis of dopamine precursors and metabolites.…”

Developments and applications of separation and microfluidics methods coupled to electrospray mass spectrometry in glycomics of nervous system gangliosides

“…The aliquots of the working sample solutions are transferred into the 96‐well plate of the robot, programmed to aspirate sample after sample and deliver them one after the other to the inlet side of the microchip. Such systems, which practically function unassisted or with a minimal intervention by the operator, are amenable to high‐throughput experiments by automatic sample manipulation and infusion and have the ability to replace the classical ESI sources based on flow‐injection [56,57]. Furthermore, due to the high quality of the nanospray nozzles, produced by advanced silicon microtechnology, their efficient ionization properties and the flow rate which, depending on the conditions, can be as low as 50 nL/min, the analyses carried out using NanoMate‐MS are characterized by ultrahigh sensitivity, reproducibility, and the possibility to discover novel species in highly complex mixtures.…”