Fully bio-based epoxy resins derived from magnolol and varying furan amines: Cure kinetics, superior mechanical and thermal properties

Bu, Minglu; Zhang, Xiaoqing; Zhou, Tao; Lei, Caihong

doi:10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2022.111595

Cited by 25 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 64 publications

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“…The significant improvement in the thermal stability of AE-Res/BPDGE was mainly because the system contained a high quantity of benzene and biphenyl structures, which were stable at high temperatures. This resulted in a low decomposition rate and less volatile gases in AE-Res/BPDGE and ultimately promoted char formation during decomposition . In addition, more ether bonds were produced by the reaction of AE-Res with BPDGE compared to MHHPA.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This resulted in a low decomposition rate and less volatile gases in AE-Res/BPDGE and ultimately promoted char formation during decomposition. 40 In addition, more ether bonds were produced by the reaction of AE-Res with BPDGE compared to MHHPA. Zhang et al 41 simulated and analyzed the decomposition process of an epoxy resin with a structure at the cross-linking point similar to that of our epoxy thermosetting resin and found that the energy of the ester bond breakage was lower than that of the ether bond breakage in the epoxy resin model.…”

Section: Optical Properties Of the Cured Epoxy Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Resveratrol-Derived Liquid Crystal Epoxy Resin with Low-Dielectric Properties and Excellent Mechanical Strength and Toughness

Yang,

Yuan,

Jiao

et al. 2024

ACS Appl. Polym. Mater.

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The application of ordinary epoxy resins is severely limited by their poor dielectric properties and toughness, and the increasing focus on sustainability calls for raw materials to be renewable. Thus, a resveratrol-based compound (AE-Res) with three active ester structures was prepared and used to cure glycidyl ethers of bisphenol A (DGEBA) and a liquid crystal epoxy monomer (BPDGE). Test results showed that the combination (AE-Res/BPDGE) of resveratrol derivatives with liquid crystal epoxy monomers exhibited an excellent comprehensive performance. The mechanical strength and toughness of AE-Res/BPDGE were improved. Specifically, the tensile strength, elongation at break, flexural strength, and impact strength of AE-Res/BPDGE were 108.45 MPa, 12.31%, 159.92 MPa, and 39.51 kJ/m 2 , which were 48.14, 164.16, 92.51, and 143.74% higher than that of BPDGE cured by commercial methylhexahydrophthalic anhydride (MHHPA), respectively. This can be attributed to the introduction of a rigid structure and flexible ether bonds generated after curing. Meanwhile, the dielectric constant (D k ) of AE-Res/ BPDGE decreased from 3.81 to 3.00 (10 MHz) compared to MHHPA/BPDGE, mainly owing to the enhanced d-spacing (4.69 vs 4.45 Å) and the absence of highly polar hydroxyl groups. In addition, AE-Res/BPDGE also exhibited good thermal stability and hydrophobicity with a T 5% of 383.22 °C, a water contact angle of 110°, and a water absorption of 0.15% because of the presence of a rigid conjugated stilbene and biphenyl structure. Due to its ease of synthesis and environmental friendliness, AE-Res could be a satisfactory alternative to commercial epoxy curing agents.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Optical Properties Of the Cured Epoxy Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Resveratrol-Derived Liquid Crystal Epoxy Resin with Low-Dielectric Properties and Excellent Mechanical Strength and Toughness

Yang,

Yuan,

Jiao

et al. 2024

ACS Appl. Polym. Mater.

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“…6 Si et al introduced hyperbranched poly(resorcinol borate) into bis-benzoxazine resin to achieve the goal of improve toughness and enhance the char yield. 16 Epoxy resin is also an important thermosetting resin that is formed by ring-opening polymerization of epoxy groups to generate three-dimensional network, and it is widely used in various fields such as electronic packaging materials, 17 waterproof materials, 18 anticorrosive coatings, 19,20 polymer composite materials, 21,22 and so forth for its outstanding processability, 23 chemical inertness, 24 mechanical performance, 25 great thermal stability. 26,27 However, to be used as electronic materials, the relatively high polarity, high water uptake, low thermal resistance, and high dielectric constant is not ideal.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimizing the dielectric and mechanical properties of melamine based‐benzoxazine resin by copolymerizing with epoxy resin

Fan

Zhang

et al. 2023

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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Benzoxazine resins are suffering from high curing temperature, low crosslinking density, and poor toughness, which hampers their broad applications. The introduction of melamine during synthesis has been shown useful in improving these properties, but the dielectric property was deteriorated heavily. Epoxy resins show higher crosslinking density and better toughness but the thermal properties are relatively poor. Herein, the melamine based‐benzoxazine MBF was copolymerized with epoxy resin E51 in this work in order to improve the dielectric properties. The curing reactivity, polymerization mechanism and the comprehensive properties such as thermal, dielectric and mechanical properties were systematically verified. It is found that the abundant active functional groups such as amino and phenolic groups in MBF could catalyze and copolymerize with E51 and form uniform copolymers poly(MBF‐E) at various proportions. With the increasing of epoxy resins, more polar amino groups was consumed, thus the polarity and the water absorption of the copolymers decreased. Additionally, the dielectric constant decreased from 3.67 for poly(MBF) to 2.94 for poly(MBF‐60E). Meanwhile, the highest increasement of tensile strength and elongation at break value reached 130% and 70%, respectively, which may be caused by the higher crosslinking density and more flexible ether bond formed.

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“…Due to the current environmental concerns and the depletion of fossil fuels, numerous polybenzoxazines and epoxy resins based on renewable feedstocks such as products, by-products and residues from agroindustry including lignins, glycerol, diadzein, luteolin, magnolol, p-hydroxycinnamic acid, furfural, among others have been developed. [5][6][7][8][9] In particular, furfurylamine has gained research interest to prepare benzoxazines due to its effect on the T g and the thermal stability of the materials. As a consequence, different benzoxazines have been prepared from furfurylamine.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In general, benzoxazine monomers are derived from non‐renewable and environmentally unfriendly phenols, formaldehyde, and primary amines with a molar ratio of 1:2:1, respectively. Due to the current environmental concerns and the depletion of fossil fuels, numerous polybenzoxazines and epoxy resins based on renewable feedstocks such as products, by‐products and residues from agroindustry including lignins, glycerol, diadzein, luteolin, magnolol, p ‐hydroxycinnamic acid, furfural, among others have been developed 5–9 . In particular, furfurylamine has gained research interest to prepare benzoxazines due to its effect on the T g and the thermal stability of the materials.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tailoring thermal and thermomechanical properties of biobased blends by hybridization of difuran benzoxazine with polysiloxane‐based benzoxazine and epoxy monomers

Casarino

Taverna

Candia

et al. 2022

Polymers for Advanced Techs

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A difuran bio-based benzoxazine (SA-dfda) was synthesized by a three-stage process from difurandiamine (DFDA) and 2-hydroxybenzaldehyde with a final yield of 90%.Three copolymer systems were prepared by blending the difuran bio-resin with epoxy resin (DGEBA), conventional benzoxazine (BA-a), and polysiloxane-based benzoxazine precursor [Pr(BA-3aptms)] at different ratios. In order to study the effect of the renewable content on the main characteristics of the materials, thermal, thermomechanical, and morphological analyses were performed. The bio-based benzoxazine/epoxy systems exhibited the lowest polymerization temperature with enhanced processability. However, the incorporation of epoxy slightly decreased the mechanical properties of materials. Bio-based copolymers containing 5 wt%. of polysilsesquioxane precursor showed the highest glass transition temperatures, thermal stability, and char yields. All the copolymers exhibited good flame retardant properties as it was observed by their limiting oxygen index values (>21) and UL-94 tests (V-0 or V-1). The copolymerization of bio-based benzoxazines with different thermoset resins such as epoxy or benzoxazines can be used as a strategy to develop novel materials with tailor-made properties.

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Fully bio-based epoxy resins derived from magnolol and varying furan amines: Cure kinetics, superior mechanical and thermal properties

Cited by 25 publications

References 64 publications

Resveratrol-Derived Liquid Crystal Epoxy Resin with Low-Dielectric Properties and Excellent Mechanical Strength and Toughness

Resveratrol-Derived Liquid Crystal Epoxy Resin with Low-Dielectric Properties and Excellent Mechanical Strength and Toughness

Optimizing the dielectric and mechanical properties of melamine based‐benzoxazine resin by copolymerizing with epoxy resin

Tailoring thermal and thermomechanical properties of biobased blends by hybridization of difuran benzoxazine with polysiloxane‐based benzoxazine and epoxy monomers

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