Fully-Polymeric pH Sensor Realized by Means of a Single-Step Soft Embossing Technique

Fanzio, Paola; Chang, C. H.; Skolimowski, Maciej; Tanzi, Simone; Sasso, Luigi

doi:10.3390/s17051169

Cited by 15 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…19 Although many polymers have been studied, 20 the most popular polymer-film-coated electrodes reported are the ones using electropolymerized pyrrole and aniline. 21 , 22 For this work, CPs have been considered as the optimal candidate among all of the range of materials used for pH sensors because they allow the formulation of a suitable ink with adequate rheological properties to be printed by the IJP technique.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Specially Designed Polyaniline/Polypyrrole Ink for a Fully Printed Highly Sensitive pH Microsensor

Zea

Texidó

Villa

et al. 2021

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces

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pH sensing for healthcare applications requires sensors with mechanically stable materials of high sensitivity and high reproducibility combined with low-cost fabrication technologies. This work proposes a fully printed pH sensor based on a specially formulated conducting polymer deposited on a microelectrode in a flexible substrate. A formulation, which combined polyaniline (PANI) and polypyrrole (PPy) with integrated polyelectrolyte poly(sodium 4-styrenesulfonate) (PSS), was specially prepared to be printed by inkjet printing (IJP). The sensor has good sensitivity in the physiological region (pH 7–7.5) key for the healthcare biosensor. This mixture printed over a commercial gold ink, which has a singular chemical functionalization with phthalocyanine (Pc), increased the sensor sensitivity, showing an excellent reproducibility with a linear super-Nernstian response (81.2 ± 0.5 mV/pH unit) in a wide pH range (pH 3–10). This new ink together with the IJP low-cost technique opens new opportunities for pH sensing in the healthcare field with a single device, which is disposable, highly sensitive, and stable in the whole pH range.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Specially Designed Polyaniline/Polypyrrole Ink for a Fully Printed Highly Sensitive pH Microsensor

Zea

Texidó

Villa

et al. 2021

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces

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“…PDMS molds have been reported to have easy handling and mold release. The molding processes were designed to prevent excessive pressure on the molds to avoid mold deformation [ 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 ]. As a few studies that take advantage of the softness of PDMS molds, soft mold-based hot embossing on non-planar surfaces was reported.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Facile Fabrication of Thin-Bottom Round-Well Plates Using the Deformation of PDMS Molds and Their Application for Single-Cell PCR

Yamahira

Heike

2020

Micromachines

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Recently, microdevices made of resins have been strongly supporting cell analysis in a range of fields, from fundamental life science research to medical applications. Many microdevices are fabricated by molding resin to a mold made precisely from rigid materials. However, because dimensional errors in the mold are also accurately printed to the products, the accuracy of the product is limited to less than the accuracy of the rigid mold. Therefore, we hypothesized that if dimensional errors could be self-corrected by elastic molds, microdevices could be facilely fabricated with precision beyond that of molds. In this paper, we report a novel processing strategy in which an elastic mold made of polymethylsiloxane (PDMS) deforms to compensate for the dimensional error on the products. By heat-press molding a polycarbonate plate using a mold that has 384 PDMS convexes with a large dimensional error of height of ± 15.6 µm in standard deviation, a 384-round-well plate with a bottom thickness 13.3 ± 2.3 µm (n = 384) was easily fabricated. Finally, single-cell observation and polymerase chain reactions (PCRs) demonstrated the application of the products made by elastic PDMS molds. Therefore, this processing method is a promising strategy for facile, low-cost, and higher precision microfabrication.

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“…A wide variety of materials have been investigated for their pH sensing capabilities, including metal oxides, polymers, and various nanostructures . Many pH sensing systems have targeted biomedical applications, such as monitoring healing wounds' pH, and monitoring of pH for a heart undergoing ischemia .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Dependence of measurement results on instruments' input resistance has been previously demonstrated for high impedance piezoelectric devices . The emergence of wearable and implantable sensors makes the R in and instrumentation requirements for portable pH sensing systems especially significant . Hence, ρ of the sensing material, the overall resistance of the pH cell, and the resistance of the instrument used are important to fully characterize the viability of a pH sensing device.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Protocol to Characterize pH Sensing Materials and Systems

et al. 2018

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Although significant progress is made in identifying pH sensing materials and device configurations, a standard protocol for benchmarking performance of next-generation pH devices is still lacking. In particular, key properties of characterization systems, such as inherent component contributions, time plots for extended-gate field-effect transistor (EGFET) measurements, and the input resistance (R in ), often go unreported in studies of pH sensing systems. These properties strongly influence the characterization system and can lead to mistaken attribution of properties to the device. In this paper, a series of essential characterization tests and parameters are reported to evaluate pH systems, such as the zinc oxide EGFET, in a standardized protocol. This EGFET ZnO sensor has a sensitivity of −58.1 mV pH −1 , drift range from 2.5 to 14.2 µA h −1 , and response time of 136 s. By using a ZnO sensing electrode, it is demonstrated that i) intrinsic contributions of reference electrode and commercial transistor (for EGFET) are not negligible; ii) time plots for EGFET configuration and defining a critical point at the onset of drift are essential for accurate sensitivity, response time, and drift reporting; and iii) the results of the pH sensing system are strongly dependent on the input resistance of the used characterization instruments. pH Sensor Benchmarking

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Fully-Polymeric pH Sensor Realized by Means of a Single-Step Soft Embossing Technique

Cited by 15 publications

References 27 publications

Specially Designed Polyaniline/Polypyrrole Ink for a Fully Printed Highly Sensitive pH Microsensor

Specially Designed Polyaniline/Polypyrrole Ink for a Fully Printed Highly Sensitive pH Microsensor

Facile Fabrication of Thin-Bottom Round-Well Plates Using the Deformation of PDMS Molds and Their Application for Single-Cell PCR

A Protocol to Characterize pH Sensing Materials and Systems

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