Function of Auricular Point Acupressure in Inducing Changes in Inflammatory Cytokines During Chronic Low-Back Pain: A Pilot Study

Yeh, Chao Hsing; Chien, Lung-Chang; Albers, Kathryn M.; Ren, Dianxu; Huang, Li; Cheng, Baoxia; Margolis, Leah; Liu, Richard; Suen, Lorna Kwai Ping

doi:10.1089/acu.2013.1015

Cited by 27 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…9 Patients who received real APA had decreased interleukin (IL)-1b, IL-4, IL-6, and IL-10 and increased IL-2, compared with those in the sham APA group, as noted in another study. 5 The correlations of pain intensity were moderate (Spearman coefficient was 0.35 for IL-1b, 0.44 for IL-4, and -0.22 for tumor necrosis factor [TNF]-a) for patients in the real APA group, as noted in another study. 5 Given the small sample size and wide data distribution, the researchers were unable to draw conclusions regarding the mechanism by which pro-and antiinflammatory cytokines change in response to APA.…”

Section: Research On Auricular Acupressure For Clbpmentioning

confidence: 60%

“…5 The correlations of pain intensity were moderate (Spearman coefficient was 0.35 for IL-1b, 0.44 for IL-4, and -0.22 for tumor necrosis factor [TNF]-a) for patients in the real APA group, as noted in another study. 5 Given the small sample size and wide data distribution, the researchers were unable to draw conclusions regarding the mechanism by which pro-and antiinflammatory cytokines change in response to APA. These pilot results are promising for patients with CLBP.…”

Section: Research On Auricular Acupressure For Clbpmentioning

confidence: 60%

“…4 As such, physical conditions can be identified through auricular examination. 4 The treatment of EAPs can stimulate the brain to correct its pathologic reflex centers, 3 change levels of serum pro-and anti-inflammatory cytokines, 5 and induce reflex reactions in the body to relieve body pathology. 1,2,6 In a recent article, 4 the current authors described a comprehensive and systematic auricular diagnosis protocol, which includes 14 different specific EAP diagnosis routes 1 that cover 165 EAPs distributed on the ear-each route is organized according to the anatomical structure and organ systems of the human body.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Application of a Comprehensive and Systematic Auricular Diagnosis for Musculoskeletal System Disorder: A Treatment Protocol for Chronic Low-Back Pain

Yeh

Huang

Suen

2014

Medical Acupuncture

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Background: This article presents a clinical application for a comprehensive and systematic auricular diagnosis protocol for musculoskeletal system disorder and a treatment protocol for chronic low-back pain (CLBP). This protocol includes (1) locating the somatotopic correspondences between the auricular zone and musculoskeletal system, (2) visual inspection, (3) palpitation, and (4) electrical detection. Methodology: To treat CLBP, the current authors have developed an auricular therapy protocol. In this CLBP protocol, the selection of ear acupuncture points (EAPs) takes into account (1) corresponding points, (2) points featuring both disharmony of Zang organs and disturbance of meridians, and (3) active points located at the Waist triangle, groove of Spinal posterior, and groove of Sciatic posterior areas of the ear. The Chinese Standard Ear-Acupoints Chart is used to locate the EAPs. The clinical application of this comprehensive and systematic auricular diagnosis protocol for diagnosing musculoskeletal system disorder is summarized. A treatment protocol for CLBP is presented that can be replicated by clinicians or researchers for pain managment. Conclusions: Auricular therapy is a relatively safe treatment, having minimal adverse effects in patients who have chronic pain. The treatment can be used as an adjunct therapy with conventional biomedical treatments.

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Section: Research On Auricular Acupressure For Clbpmentioning

confidence: 60%

Section: Research On Auricular Acupressure For Clbpmentioning

confidence: 60%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Application of a Comprehensive and Systematic Auricular Diagnosis for Musculoskeletal System Disorder: A Treatment Protocol for Chronic Low-Back Pain

Yeh

Huang

Suen

2014

Medical Acupuncture

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“…These assays typically exhibit high precision and reproducibility (i.e., 84.5% sensitivity, 98% specificity; 92% of the patients in the active disease group correctly classified from a cross-validation serum set). [59] Randomization: After baseline data have been collected, all eligible participants will be randomized into three groups. The randomization process will be performed by a systems analyst with the use of statistical software equipped with a random-number generator to create a list of group assignments before the study recruitment begins.…”

Section: Study Measuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Prospective Randomized Controlled Study of Auricular Point Acupressure to Manage Chronic Low Back Pain in Older Adults: Study Protocol

Yeh

Glick

et al. 2019

Preprint

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Background: Chronic low back pain (cLBP) is a major health problem and the most common pain condition among those 60 years of age or older in the US. Despite the development of pharmacological and nonpharmacological interventions, cLBP outcomes have not improved and disability rates continue to rise. This study aims to test auricular point acupressure (APA) as a non-invasive, nonpharmacological self-management strategy to manage cLBP and to address current shortcomings of cLBP treatment. Methods: For this prospective randomized controlled study, participants will be randomly assigned into three groups: (1) APA (active points related to cLBP), (2) Comparison Group -1 (non-active points, unrelated to cLBP), (3) Comparison Group-2 (enhanced educational control, an educational booklet on cLBP will be given and the treatment used by participants for their cLBP will be recorded). The ecological momentary assessment smartphone app will be used to collect real-time cLBP outcomes and adherence to APA practice. Treatment and nonspecific psychological placebo effects will be measured via questionnaires for all participants. This proposed trial will evaluate the APA sustained effects for cLBP at 12-month follow-up. Monthly phone follow-up will be used to collect study outcomes. Blood will be collected during study visits at baseline, post-APA treatment, and follow-up study visits at 1-, 3-, 6-, 9- and 12-months post-completion of treatment for a total of 7 assessments. Appointments will start between 9 and 11 am to control for circadian variation in cytokine levels. Discussion: This study is expected to provide vital information on the efficacy, sustainability, and underlying mechanism of APA on cLBP necessary for APA to gain acceptance from both healthcare providers and patients, which would provide a strong impetus for including APA as part of cLBP management in clinical and home settings. Trial registration: NCT03589703, Registered on May 22, 2018 Keywords: Chronic low back pain, auricular point acupressure, older adults, cytokines

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“…Although APA has been shown to be effective for pain relief [7][8][9][10][11][12][33][34][35][36][37][38], the physiological mechanisms for its effects are not well established [39]. The theories of body acupuncture can provide a foundational basis for APA to explore the underlying mechanism and/ or pathway of therapeutic effects [40][41][42].…”

Section: Proposed Mechanism Of Auricular Therapy For Pain Managementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Application Of Auricular Therapy For Cancer-Related Pain In Nursing Care

Yeh¹,

Chien²,

Suen

2014

J Pain Relief

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Regardless of the advances in cancer treatment, cancer-related pain is still one of the most challenging symptoms that patients face. In the United States, cancer patients have turned to a wide variety of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) therapies as an adjunct to conventional cancer treatments. This paper introduces Auricular Point Acupressure (APA), an innovative acupuncture technique that (1) features the use of seed patches instead of needles and (2) treats only the acupoints located on the surface of the ear. The technique not only offers a less invasive alternative to acupuncture, but also can be self-managed-the patient is instructed to press the points on which the patches have been placed at regular intervals and as needed to decrease pain. As a non-invasive, semi-self-managed, non-pharmacological technique for pain relief, APA has minimal side effects and, therefore, may be particularly acceptable to cancer patients. This paper describes the historical development of auricular therapy, auricular therapy treatments, a proposed biological mechanism underlying the analgesic effects of APA, and the implications of APA on nursing practice for cancer-related pain management.

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Function of Auricular Point Acupressure in Inducing Changes in Inflammatory Cytokines During Chronic Low-Back Pain: A Pilot Study

Cited by 27 publications

References 24 publications

The Application of a Comprehensive and Systematic Auricular Diagnosis for Musculoskeletal System Disorder: A Treatment Protocol for Chronic Low-Back Pain

The Application of a Comprehensive and Systematic Auricular Diagnosis for Musculoskeletal System Disorder: A Treatment Protocol for Chronic Low-Back Pain

A Prospective Randomized Controlled Study of Auricular Point Acupressure to Manage Chronic Low Back Pain in Older Adults: Study Protocol

Application Of Auricular Therapy For Cancer-Related Pain In Nursing Care

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