Function of the Auditory System, the Visual System, and Peripheral Nerve and Long‐Term Combined Exposure to Toluene and Ethanol in Rats

Nylén, Per; Hagman, Maud; Johnson, Ann-Chrístin

doi:10.1111/j.1600-0773.1995.tb00113.x

Cited by 12 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…RARs have been shown to be activated by both ether and alcohol (1). Also, alcohol has been shown to increase the amplitude of the action potentials (15). In the present study, Diazinon PLUS reduced the frequency and amplitude of the action potentials.…”

Section: Pesticide and Lung Afferent Activitysupporting

confidence: 57%

Effect of Diazinon PLUS on rapidly adapting receptors in the rabbit

Campbell

Ravindran

Bravo

et al. 1996

Journal of Applied Physiology

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The effects of Diazinon PLUS aerosol on the activities of rapidly adapting receptors (RARs) and slowly adapting receptors (SAR) of the airways were investigated in anesthetized rabbits. The effects on both the baseline activity and the responses to stimulation by increasing mean left atrial pressure were examined. Action potentials were recorded from the left cervical vagus nerve. Aerosols (particle size 3 microns) were generated by a Mini-HEART nebulizer. We observed that an aerosol of Diazinon PLUS (1:10 vol/vol dilution in normal saline) decreased the baseline RAR activity (n = 10) significantly (P < 0.05) from 209 +/- 77 to 120 +/- 40 impulses/min. In the post-Diazinon PLUS control period, the RAR activity recovered partially to 185 +/- 75 impulses/min and decreased significantly to 131 +/- 52 impulses/min (P < 0.05) after a second exposure of Diazinon PLUS (undiluted) aerosol. Aerosols of normal saline in the control state did not produce a significant change in the RAR activity. A group of SAR (n = 8) were examined under similar conditions, and it was found that only the exposure to Diazinon PLUS (undiluted) aerosol decreased the activity significantly (P < 0.05) from 1,536 +/- 206 to 1,367 +/- 182 impulses/min. The effect of Diazinon PLUS on the response to increasing mean left atrial pressure was examined in seven RARs. In the control state, RAR activity increased significantly (P < 0.05) during elevation of mean left atrial pressure. This response was abolished after exposure to Diazinon PLUS. These findings suggest that diazinon may interfere with airway defense mechanisms by reducing the activity of RARs.

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Section: Pesticide and Lung Afferent Activitysupporting

confidence: 57%

Effect of Diazinon PLUS on rapidly adapting receptors in the rabbit

Campbell

Ravindran

Bravo

et al. 1996

Journal of Applied Physiology

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“…Several studies [20,28,29] have demonstrated that long-term exposure to ethanol alone had no effect on auditory sensitivity and did not cause any toxicity to the outer hair cells in rats. However, Morizono and Sikora [19] found a reduction in cochlear microphonics after topical application of alcohol to the inner ear of guinea pigs.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Alcohol and Noise on Temporary Threshold Shift in Guinea Pigs

Liu

Hsu

Hwang

et al. 2004

ORL

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The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of concomitant exposure to noise and alcohol on the auditory thresholds. Twenty-four guinea pigs were equally divided into three groups: the acute intoxication group, the chronic intoxication group and the control group. Animals in the acute group received single intraperitoneal injections of ethanol (2 g/kg). In the chronic group, alcohol was administered via drinking water (10%, v/v) over a 60-day period. All animals were exposed to a white noise at the intensity of 105 dB A for 30 min. Auditory brainstem response (ABR) thresholds and distortion product otoacoustic emission (DPOAE) levels were measured before, immediately after noise exposure and also 1, 2, and 7 days following exposure. The results showed: first, acute alcohol injection caused a significant, temporary elevation of ABR threshold (4.8 dB in average), while chronic alcohol treatment did not change auditory threshold significantly. Second, noise exposure induced a mean threshold shift of 15.4– 19.7 dB. ABR threshold returned to normal 2 days after exposure. Both acute and chronic alcohol treatment did not alter the magnitude and time course of recovery of the temporary threshold shift (TTS). Third, the mean DPOAE amplitudes decreased at most frequencies following acute injection of alcohol. However, the differences did not reach statistical significance. Fourth, the mean DPOAE levels dropped 3.4–9.6 dB in all groups after noise exposure and returned to normal 1 day to 2 days after noise. There were no significant differences in the amount of DPOAE suppression after noise between the three groups. In summary, we have found that acute and chronic treatment of alcohol in combination with noise did not significantly exacerbate TTS or decrease DPOAE amplitudes relative to noise exposure alone.

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“…Animal experiments which evaluated the effects of combined exposures to toluene and ethanol (2 of the solvents used in the studied company), revealed that exclusive exposure to ethanol did not affect the auditory system (32,33). In combination with toluene, ethanol exposure has been reported to impair rats' performance further in conditioned avoidance responses (32) and reduce (33) the effect of toluene on auditory sensitivity.…”

Section: Acoustic Reflex Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%