Functional Architecture of the Light-Responsive Chalcone Synthase Promoter from Parsley

Schulze‐Lefert, Paul; Becker‐André, Michael; Schulz, Wolfgang A.; Hahlbrock, Klaus; Dangl, Jeffery L.

doi:10.2307/3868961

Cited by 50 publications

(77 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…l), a regulatory sequence that is homologous to the ABA response element (Guiltinan et al, 1990). The G-box sequence has been found in a wide variety of plant genes to be associated with diverse expression properties, including light (rbcS-1 A; Schindler et al, 1992aSchindler et al, , 1992bSchindler et al, , 1992cSchindler et al, , 1992d and UV-inducible genes (chalcone synthase; Schulze-Lefert et al, 1989;Weisshaar et al, 1991). It is also found in wheat histone genes (Tabata et al, 1991) and in ABA-inducible genes (Guiltinan et al, 1990).…”

Section: Dlscusslonmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differential Interactions of Promoter Elements in Stress Responses of the Arabidopsis Adh Gene

et al. 1994

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The Adh (alcohol dehydrogenase, EC 1.1.1.1.) gene from Arabidopsis thaliana (1.) Heynh. can be induced by dehydration and cold, as well as by hypoxia. A 1-kb promoter fragment (CADH: -964 to +53) is sufficient to confer the stress indudion and tissuespecific developmental expression characteristics of the Adh gene to a 8-glucuronidase reporter gene. Deletion mapping of the 5' end and site-specific mutagenesis identified four regions of the promoter essential for expression under the three stress conditions. Some sequence elements are important for response to all three stress treatments, whereas others are stress specific. The most critical region essential for expression of the Arabidopsis Adh promoter under all three environmental stresses (region I V -172 to -141) contains sequences homologous to the CT motif (-160 to -152)

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Section: Dlscusslonmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differential Interactions of Promoter Elements in Stress Responses of the Arabidopsis Adh Gene

et al. 1994

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“…To test the gel filtration fractions for CPRF2 phosphorylation activity, the cytosolic protein was replaced by 10 l of the desalted and concentrated fractions. 1 min after addition of 5 Ci of [␥- 32 P]ATP to the samples the reaction was stopped with 500 l of 6 M guanidine hydrochloride, 0.1 M NaH 2 PO 4 , 0.01 M Tris, pH 8.0. The (His) 6 -tagged proteins were isolated on Ni-NTA-agarose, eluted with 50 l of 8 M urea, 0.1 M NaH 2 PO 4 , 0.01 M Tris, pH 6.3, and 100 mM EDTA and tested for [ 32 P]phosphate incorporation as described above.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The samples of the phosphorylation reactions and the cytosolic fractions of the size exclusion chromatography were analyzed using electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA). For this a DNA probe according to the monomeric G-box (5Ј-AATTCTCCCTTATTCCACGTGGCCATCCGG-3Ј) or the monomeric C-box (5Ј-AATTCTCCCTTATCTGACGTCAGCATCCGG-3Ј) was used (20,(31)(32)(33). Preparation of the radioactively labeled probes as well as experimental conditions for EMSA, electrophoretic mobility supershift assay, and treatments of evacuolated protoplasts extracts with alkaline phosphatase (AP) were described previously (19,20).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The removal of the toxic and proteolytically very active content of the vacuole from the protoplasts is necessary for obtaining functionally intact parsley protein extracts (19,22). The cytosolic extract was supplemented with [␥- 32 P]ATP and the reaction mixture divided in three aliquots. Two aliquots were irradiated for 30 s either with red or white light and one further kept in darkness.…”

Section: Rapid and Light-modulated Phosphorylation Of Cytosolicmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Phosphorylation of the Parsley bZIP Transcription Factor CPRF2 Is Regulated by Light

Wellmer

Kircher

Rügner

et al. 1999

Journal of Biological Chemistry

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The analysis of the complex network of signal transduction chains has demonstrated the importance of transcription factor activities for the control of gene expression. To understand how transcription factor activities in plants are regulated in response to light, we analyzed the common plant regulatory factor 2 (CPRF2) from parsley (Petroselinum crispum L.) that interacts with promoter elements of light-regulated genes. Here, we demonstrate that CPRF2 is a phosphoprotein in vivo and that its phosphorylation state is rapidly increased in response to light. Phosphorylation in vitro as well as in vivo occurs primarily within the C-terminal half of the factor, and is caused by a cytosolic 40-kDa protein serine kinase. In contrast to other plant basic leucinezipper motif factors, phosphorylation of CPRF2 does not alter its DNA binding activity. Therefore, we discuss alternative functions of the light-dependent phosphorylation of CPRF2 including the regulation of its nucleocytoplasmic partitioning.Light is probably the most variable environmental factor controlling plant development. To monitor light quality and quantity, plants have evolved at least three different photoreceptor systems: the red/far-red reversible phytochromes, the blue/UV-A, and the UV-B photoreceptors (1). The most well understood of these photoreceptors is the phytochrome system (2, 3).Besides the search for appropriate mutants, other approaches have been used to understand the signal transduction mechanisms mediated by photoreceptors. (i) Characterizing the photoreceptors themselves and searching for interacting proteins, (ii) unraveling the role of signal mediators like Ca 2ϩ , calmodulin, cGMP, and phosphorylation events (4), and (iii) analyzing DNA-binding proteins that interact with promoter elements of light-regulated genes. As shown, for example, for chalcone synthase or chlorophyll a/b-binding protein genes, promoter elements that mediate light responsiveness frequently contain the palindromic DNA motif ACGT, that, depending on the adjacent nucleotides, is part of the so-called G-box (CACGTG) or C-box (GACGTC) sequences (5). However, G-and C-boxes are not only found in the promoters of lightregulated genes but also in promoters of genes that respond to other exogenic and endogenic stimuli such as stress, hormones, and cell cycle-related signals (6). Transcription factors containing a basic leucine-zipper motif (bZIP), 1 as, for example, the common plant regulatory factors (CPRFs) from parsley (7-11) and G-box binding factors from Arabidopsis (12-14), were shown to bind to the G-box or the C-box, respectively, in vitro as well as in vivo and form specific homo-and heterodimers (7,8,12,13). Since CPRF and G-box binding factors proteins, which have molecular masses between 35 and 45 kDa, are encoded by multigene families (15), it is difficult to define which and how many members directly act as transcription factors regulating a certain inducible gene.The regulation of the activities of these factors in response to light is poorly understood...

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“…CHS cDNA has been isolated from many species of plants, such as parsley [6], petunia [7] and pea [8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antisense and Sense CHS cDNA Expressed by a Tapetum-specific Promoter Causes Partial Male Sterility in Transgenic Tobacco

Matsuda

Kishitani

Toriyama

1997

Plant Biotechnology

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Chalcone synthase (CHS) is a key enzyme in the biosynthesis of all classes of flavonoids in plants. An antisense or sense CHS cDNA of tea under the regulation of a tapetum-specific promoter of rice was introduced into tobacco by Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. A reduction in the number of fertile pollen grains was observed in four out of 27 antisense CHS transformants and in five out of 26 sense CHS transformants. The distorted pollen grains of transformants lacked starch and flavonols. Fluorescein diacetate staining indicated abortion started at the late uninucleate microspore stage. The antisense or sense transgene would affect the pollen fertility.

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Functional Architecture of the Light-Responsive Chalcone Synthase Promoter from Parsley

Cited by 50 publications

References 15 publications

Differential Interactions of Promoter Elements in Stress Responses of the Arabidopsis Adh Gene

Differential Interactions of Promoter Elements in Stress Responses of the Arabidopsis Adh Gene

Phosphorylation of the Parsley bZIP Transcription Factor CPRF2 Is Regulated by Light

Antisense and Sense CHS cDNA Expressed by a Tapetum-specific Promoter Causes Partial Male Sterility in Transgenic Tobacco

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