Functional biomes beyond the bacteriome in the oral ecosystem

Girija, A. S. Smiline; Ganesh, P. Sankar

doi:10.1016/j.jdsr.2022.05.002

Cited by 15 publications

(6 citation statements)

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“…Rather than being a distinct condition, generalized aggressive periodontitis is most likely the previous stage of localized aggressive periodontitis [ 13 ]. Recent research has revealed the role of novel, noncultivable organisms in inducing the disease amidst functional biomes [ 14 , 15 ]. One of the periodontal pathogens that has recently been linked to the etiology of periodontal diseases is T. forsythia .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular Characterization of the glyA Gene From the Clinical Isolates of Tannerella forsythia

Girija,

Priyadharsini

2024

Cureus

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Background: The glyA gene in Tannerella forsythia is attributed for its virulence by producing the enzyme serine hydroxymethyltransferase (SHMT), which plays a vital role in bacterial cell metabolism. Objectives: The study is thus aimed to determine the frequency of the glyA gene from the clinical strains of T. forsythia isolated from periodontitis patients. Materials and methods: Forty-five patients with varying degrees of periodontitis were included in the study, and the plaque samples collected from them were anaerobically processed by inoculating onto sterile anaerobic blood agar plates using a gaspak system, with incubation at 37°C for 5-7 days. The DNA was extracted from the obtained isolated colony, and PCR was performed to confirm the presence of the glyA gene. Results: In total, 46.6% ( n = 7) of the cases in group III aggressive periodontitis (n = 15) and 6.66% ( n = 1) in group II stage II periodontitis (n = 15) showed the presence of T. forsythia , and among them, 57.14% ( n = 4) showed the presence of the glyA gene. Conclusion: The findings of the study showed that the glyA gene may be associated with the pathogenesis of T. forsythia and could be thus a novel candidate for the future theragnostic approach to combat periodontitis.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular Characterization of the glyA Gene From the Clinical Isolates of Tannerella forsythia

Girija,

Priyadharsini

2024

Cureus

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“…Low peripheral CD4+ T cell counts were associated with an expansion of enteric adenovirus sequences and this increase was independent of ART treatment ( Monaco et al., 2016 ). Girija & Ganesh (2022) reported a predominance of phages belonging to the Siphoviridae and Myoviridae families and a high abundance of streptococcus-related phages. Eukaryotic DNA viruses were dominated by members of the Herpesviridae family ( Girija & Ganesh, 2022 ).…”

Section: Assessment F the Oral Virome And Of Viral Coinfectionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“… Girija & Ganesh (2022) reported a predominance of phages belonging to the Siphoviridae and Myoviridae families and a high abundance of streptococcus-related phages. Eukaryotic DNA viruses were dominated by members of the Herpesviridae family ( Girija & Ganesh, 2022 ). A study developed in 20 HIV-infected men who have sex with men (MSM) exhibiting different stages of HIV infection, with 5 HIV-negative MSM as controls, three phage families and a eukaryotic DNA family were found to be the more abundant, regardless of HIV status, namely Siphoviridae , Herpesviridae , Myoviridae , and Podoviridae , respectively.…”

Section: Assessment F the Oral Virome And Of Viral Coinfectionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Human immunodeficiency virus and oral microbiota: mutual influence on the establishment of a viral gingival reservoir in individuals under antiretroviral therapy

Ramos Peña,

Pillet,

Grupioni Lourenço

et al. 2024

Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol.

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The role of the oral microbiota in the overall health and in systemic diseases has gained more importance in the recent years, mainly due to the systemic effects that are mediated by the chronic inflammation caused by oral diseases, such as periodontitis, through the microbial communities of the mouth. The chronic infection by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) interacts at the tissue level (e.g. gut, genital tract, brain) to create reservoirs; the modulation of the gut microbiota by HIV infection is a good example of these interactions. The purpose of the present review is to assess the state of knowledge on the oral microbiota (microbiome, mycobiome and virome) of HIV-infected patients in comparison to that of HIV-negative individuals and to discuss the reciprocal influence of HIV infection and oral microbiota in patients with periodontitis on the potential establishment of a viral gingival reservoir. The influence of different clinical and biological parameters are reviewed including age, immune and viral status, potent antiretroviral therapies, smoking, infection of the airway and viral coinfections, all factors that can modulate the oral microbiota during HIV infection. The analysis of the literature proposed in this review indicates that the comparisons of the available studies are difficult due to their great heterogeneity. However, some important findings emerge: (i) the oral microbiota is less influenced than that of the gut during HIV infection, although some recurrent changes in the microbiome are identified in many studies; (ii) severe immunosuppression is correlated with altered microbiota and potent antiretroviral therapies correct partially these modifications; (iii) periodontitis constitutes a major factor of dysbiosis, which is exacerbated in HIV-infected patients; its pathogenesis can be described as a reciprocal reinforcement of the two conditions, where the local dysbiosis present in the periodontal pocket leads to inflammation, bacterial translocation and destruction of the supporting tissues, which in turn enhances an inflammatory environment that perpetuates the periodontitis cycle. With the objective of curing viral reservoirs of HIV-infected patients in the future years, it appears important to develop further researches aimed at defining whether the inflamed gingiva can serve of viral reservoir in HIV-infected patients with periodontitis.

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“…The opportunistic yeast-like fungus Candida albicans ( C. albicans ) is considered one of the important members of the functional biome of the oral and gut microbiome [ 1 ]. It contributes to virulence, specifically in immunocompromised patients, affecting the oral-mucosal tissues [ 2 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular Detection of Secreted Aspartyl Proteinases (Saps) From Dental Isolates of Candida albicans and Targeting With Psidium guajava Biocompounds: An In Vitro and In Silico Analysis

Safiya S,

Girija,

Priyadharsini

2023

Cureus

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Introduction Candida albicans ( C. albicans ) is an opportunistic yeast-like fungus and is considered a functional biome of the oral and gut microbiomes. The sap gene and its types play a vital role in the pathogenesis of C. albicans . The emergence of resistance traits is a major problem, and targeting the same with alternative medicines has sparked renewed interest in recent years. Objectives This study is thus aimed at detecting the frequency of sap gene types in the clinical isolates of C. albicans and evaluating the antifungal effect of the crude methanolic extract of Psidium guajava ( P. guajava ). Further in silico assessments will assess the inhibitory effect of six compounds of P. guajava against the Sap protein. Materials and methods C. albicans was characterized phenotypically in 20 patients with root caries, and the sap gene was detected by PCR. The crude methanolic extract was prepared, and its antifungal efficacy was evaluated by the agar well diffusion method. Auto-docking was performed to assess the best compound based on the docking and overall interactions. Results Six isolates were identified as C. albicans and sap gene types 1-3 were detected in the four strains. P. guajava methanolic extracts showed a promising antifungal effect at varying concentrations. In silico analysis showed myricetin possessing the maximum number of hydrogen bonds and high docking energy with one violation. Conclusion The study concludes that P. guajava has a promising inhibitory effect against C. albicans with myricetin as the best compound to target the sap gene of C. albicans . However, further experimental studies are to be considered for its effectiveness in treating the infections caused by C. albicans .

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Functional biomes beyond the bacteriome in the oral ecosystem

Cited by 15 publications

References 110 publications

Molecular Characterization of the glyA Gene From the Clinical Isolates of Tannerella forsythia

Molecular Characterization of the glyA Gene From the Clinical Isolates of Tannerella forsythia

Human immunodeficiency virus and oral microbiota: mutual influence on the establishment of a viral gingival reservoir in individuals under antiretroviral therapy

Molecular Detection of Secreted Aspartyl Proteinases (Saps) From Dental Isolates of Candida albicans and Targeting With Psidium guajava Biocompounds: An In Vitro and In Silico Analysis

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