Functional elements of the human U1 RNA promoter. Identification of five separate regions required for efficient transcription and template competition.

Murphy, James T.; Skuzeski, J T; Lund, Elsebet; Steinberg, Thorsten; Burgess, Richard R.; Dahlberg, James E.

doi:10.1016/s0021-9258(19)75709-3

Cited by 92 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…Both of these snRNA gene-specific elements are highly conserved in sequence and in distance from the site of transcription initiation (reviewed in 4,21,22). The DSE enhancer (23)(24)(25), located ∼200-250 bp upstream of the initiation site, contains an octamer motif, the binding site for the Oct-1 factor (26) and, in some cases, binding sites for additional transcriptional activators (27)(28)(29). The PSE, encompassing a 10 bp core sequence around position -55 and a purine-rich region immediately downstream, interacts with the snRNA-activating complex (SNAPc) (30,31) and determines the site of transcription initiation (25,(32)(33)(34).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Control of mouse U1 snRNA gene expression during in vitro differentiation of mouse embryonic stem cells

Cheng¹

1997

Nucleic Acids Research

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Early in mouse development, two classes of U1 RNAs, mU1a and mU1b, are synthesized, but as development proceeds, transcription of the embryo-specific mU1b genes is selectively down-regulated to a barely detectable level. We show here that during in vitro differentiation of mouse embryonic stem (ES) cells, both exogenously introduced and endogenous U1b genes are subject to normal developmental regulation. Thus, ES cells represent a convenient isogenic system for studying the control of expression of developmentally regulated snRNA genes. Using this system, we have identified a region in the proximal 5'flanking region, located outside the PSE element, that is responsible for differential transcription of the mU1a and mU1b genes in both developing cells and transiently transfected NIH 3T3 cells.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Control of mouse U1 snRNA gene expression during in vitro differentiation of mouse embryonic stem cells

Cheng¹

1997

Nucleic Acids Research

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“…Although the U] enhancer is unable to affect functional transcription of an mRNA gene (the CAT gene), the converse appears to be true: an mRNA enhancer from SV40 can activate transcription from an enhancer-less snRNA promoter (5). We note that the early SV40 promoter, unlike the promoters for several other genes, is able to compete (albeit weakly) with the HU1 gene for transcription factors in X. laevis oocytes (7).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 72%

The human U snRNA promoter and enhancer do not direct synthesis of messenger RNA

Dahlberg

Schenborn

1988

Nucleic Acids Research

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We examined the ability of the 5' flanking region sequences of a human U1 RNA gene to direct synthesis of functional mRNA. When fused to chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT) coding region sequences, the upstream sequences of the U1 gene were able to stimulate the synthesis of functional CAT mRNA in 293 cells but not in HeLa cells. Most of the polyadenylated CAT mRNA in 293 cells originated from cryptic promoters in the upstream U1 sequences, but nearly all of the CAT-specific RNA originating at position +1 (relative to the U1 gene promoter) was non-polyadenylated; this confirmed that the bona-fide U1 gene promoter was unable to direct efficient synthesis of poly-A+ mRNA. Our results demonstrate that the snRNA gene promoter and enhancer elements, although very efficient in transcription of snRNAs, are unable to direct transcription of polyadenylated mRNAs. However, other sequences in the 5' flanking region of the human U1 gene can activate transcription of functional mRNA, with 5' ends upstream of the normal transcription start site.

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“…Both the LvU2E and LvU2L genes contain an upstream element (termed the UAS) which has a modest stimulatory effect on expression of these genes. The UAS in each gene enhances expression only threeto fourfold, much less than the vertebrate DSE, the deletion of which greatly reduces expression of the vertebrate Ul and U2 genes (1,18,28). The UAS of the LvU2E gene is located between nt -275 and -210.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Surprisingly, there are common promoter elements for the snRNA genes transcribed by RNA polymerases II and III (3,9). The promoters have been best characterized in the cases of the vertebrate Ul (18,21), U2 (1,23,32), and U6 (5,27) genes as well as plant snRNA genes (35,37). There are two major cis-acting elements, the distal sequence element (DSE) and the proximal sequence element (PSE), which are necessary and sufficient to accurately drive the transcription of vertebrate snRNA genes (23).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of Two Developmentally Regulated Sea Urchin U2 Small Nuclear RNA Promoters: A Common Required TATA Sequence and Independent Proximal and Distal Elements

Stefanovic

Marzluff

1992

Molecular and Cellular Biology

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The promoters of two U2 small nuclear RNA genes isolated from the sea urchin Lytechinus variegatus were mapped by microinjection of genes into sea urchin zygotes. One gene, LvU2E, is expressed only in oocytes and embryos and is found in a tandemly repeated gene set, while the other gene, LvU2L, is a single-copy gene and is expressed in embryos and somatic cells. The promoters each contain a TATA sequence at -25 which is required for expression, a proximal sequence element (PSE) centered at -55 required for expression, a sequence at -100 which couples the core promoter (PSE plus TATA box) to the upstream element, and an upstream sequence which stimulates expression fourfold. The PSE together with the TATA sequence is sufficient to determine the transcription start site. There is no sequence similarity between the -100 and PSE sequences of the two genes. The -100 sequences can be interchanged between the two genes. The LvU2E PSE functions in the context of the LvU2L gene, but the LvU2L PSE functions poorly in the context of the LvU2E gene.

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Functional elements of the human U1 RNA promoter. Identification of five separate regions required for efficient transcription and template competition.

Cited by 92 publications

References 31 publications

Control of mouse U1 snRNA gene expression during in vitro differentiation of mouse embryonic stem cells

Control of mouse U1 snRNA gene expression during in vitro differentiation of mouse embryonic stem cells

The human U snRNA promoter and enhancer do not direct synthesis of messenger RNA

Characterization of Two Developmentally Regulated Sea Urchin U2 Small Nuclear RNA Promoters: A Common Required TATA Sequence and Independent Proximal and Distal Elements

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