Functional evaluation of the heart with magnetic resonance imaging

Higgins, Charles B.; Holt, William W.; Pflugfelder, Peter W.; Sechtem, Udo

doi:10.1002/mrm.1910060202

Cited by 104 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…However, it has been difficult to obtain non-invasive imaging data from animal hearts due to their small size and the inherent limitations of imaging techniques such as ultrasound and roentgenography. MRI has been used for dynamic measurements of left ventricular geometry at high resolution in man (Higgins, Byrd, McNamara, Lanzer, Lipton, Botvinick, Schiller, Crooks & Kaufman, 1985;Higgins et al 1988;Pettigrew, 1989;Semelka, Tomei, Wagner, Mayo, Kondo, Suzuki, Caputo & Higgins, 1990;MacMillan, Ivanoff, Tulchinsky & Chandrasekaran, 1992).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Cardiac volumes have been determined accurately from multiple contiguous slice images in large animals and humans by applying Simpson's rule (Schnittger et al 1982;Sechtem et al 1987;Seward et al 1988). Three-dimensional reconstructions of entire organs have also been obtained (Pfeffer, Pfeffer, Fishbein, Fletcher, Spadaro, Kloner & Braunwald, 1979;Fletcher et al 1981;Higgins, Holt, Pflugfelder & Sechtem, 1988;Cranney, Lotan, Dean, Baxley, Bouchard & Pohost, 1990). However, a complete empirical MRI characterization of left ventricular geometry to determine ventricular volumes would require excessively long imaging times.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A quantitative description of dynamic left ventricular geometry in anaesthetized rats using magnetic resonance imaging

Crowley

Huang²,

Gates³

et al. 1997

Experimental Physiology

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SUMMARYWe report a functional application of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for the quantitative description of left ventricular geometry through systole and diastole in normal anaesthetized Wistar rats that might be applicable for the analysis of chronic changes resulting from pathological conditions. Images of cardiac anatomy were acquired through planes both parallel and perpendicular to the principal cardiac axis at times that were synchronized to the R wave of the electrocardiogram. The images of the transverse sections were assembled into three-dimensional representations of left ventricular geometry at consecutive time points through the cardiac cycle. This confirmed the geometrical coherence of the data sets, that each slice showed circular symmetry, and that the images were correctly aligned with the appropriate anatomical axes. Different models for the three-dimensional geometry of the left ventricle were then tested against the epi-and endocardial surfaces reconstructed from images of the transverse sections of the left ventricle in both systole and diastole using least-squares minimizations in three dimensions. In agreement with previous reports in the human heart, an elliptical figure of revolution offered an optimal fit to the epicardial and endocardial geometry for the rat heart in diastole. This was in preference to models that used spherical, quartic or parabolic geometries. However, in contrast to contraction in the human heart, all these geometrical representations broke down during systolic ejection in the rat heart. We therefore introduced a more general hybrid model which described left ventricular geometry in terms of the variation of the radii r(z), independently determined for each slice, with its position z along the principal cardiac axis. The resulting function r(z) could then be described by a simple ellipsoid of revolution not only during diastole, but also throughout ventricular ejection. The findings also ruled out alternative geometrical representations. It was then possible additionally to reconstruct the luminal and total left ventricular volumes, wall thicknesses and ejection fractions through the cardiac cycle and to confirm that the predicted total ventricular wall volume was conserved throughout the cardiac cycle. Our hybrid model of cardiac geometry may thus be useful for non-invasive serial studies of chronic pathological changes that use the rat as a model experimental system.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A quantitative description of dynamic left ventricular geometry in anaesthetized rats using magnetic resonance imaging

Crowley

Huang²,

Gates³

et al. 1997

Experimental Physiology

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“…The excellent blood-tissue contrast in balanced SSFP (steady state free precession) cine bright-blood imaging used on a contiguous stack of axial, coronal and sagittal images enables the visualisation of the Fontan pathway and the morphology of the intra-cardiac structures [12]. In addition, smaller structures such as coronary arteries have been shown to be reliably detected by MR angiography [13] or using 3D volumetric datasets [14].…”

Section: Anatomymentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of cardiac MRI and CT in Fontan circulation

Yeong

Loughborough

Hamilton

et al. 2017

J Congenit Heart Dis

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A Fontan circulation is a series of palliative surgical procedures, which result in the diversion of the systemic venous return into pulmonary arterial circulation without passing through a ventricle. It is one of the available surgical strategies for patients with cardiac defects that preclude a successful bi-ventricular repair, which encompass a range of complex anatomy. This surgical repair has gone through a series of modifications since the concept was introduced in 1971. Echocardiography remains a vital tool in assessing patients with Fontan circulations but its limitations are well recognised. Cross-sectional imaging modalities such as cardiac MRI and CT are essential components in the systematic clinical evaluation of these patients. The purpose of this review is to understand the information that can be obtained with each cross-sectional modality as well as highlight the challenges that each modality faces.

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“…Multilevel multiphase short-axis cine magnetic resonance (MR) imaging is a valuable technique for quantification of left ventricular anatomy and function [1,2]. Quantification of left ventricular volume and mass can be performed without assumptions on geometric shape using left ventricular epicardial and endocardial contours.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of left ventricular volume and mass by cine magnetic resonance imaging in patients with anterior myocardial infarction intra-observer and inter-observer variability on contour detection

et al. 1996

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Remodeling of the left ventricle after myocardial infarction can be documented by calculation of left ventricular volume and mass, using endocardial and epicardial tracings of multilevel multiphase short-axis cine magnetic resonance (MR) imaging series. We assessed left ventricular volume and mass from 8 slices and during 12 phases of the cardiac cycle in seven patients with an anterior wall myocardial infarction; one patient was studied twice, leaving eight MR examinations to be evaluated. Purpose of this study was to assess the intra-observer and inter-observer variability of epicardial volume, endocardial volume, and left ventricular mass from contours manually traced by two independent observers. For the eight MR examinations, epicardial volume was found to be 292 +/- 51 ml (mean +/- SD) at end-diastole, which decreased to 237 +/- 55 ml at end-systole. Endocardial volume was 141 +/- 31 ml at end-diastole, which decreased to 79 +/- 27 ml at end-systole. Left ventricular ejection fraction was 45 +/- 8%. Mean left ventricular mass, when averaged over all patient studies and all phases, was 159 +/- 30 g. Intra-observer and inter-observer variability were found to be 3.5% and 5.2% for endocardial volume, 2.0% and 2.5% for epicardial volume, and 3.6% and 3.6% for left ventricular mass, respectively. The contour analysis showed a statistically significant phase effect in the endocardial contour in the midventricular slices, which was resolved after establishing a more precise definition for the tracing of the endocardial border. In conclusion, left ventricular volume and mass in patients with an anterior wall myocardial infarction can be assessed with high reproducibility and reliability from manual contour tracings. A precise protocol for the definition of endocardial and epicardial contours is required to obtain reproducible and reliable results.

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Functional evaluation of the heart with magnetic resonance imaging

Cited by 104 publications

References 11 publications

A quantitative description of dynamic left ventricular geometry in anaesthetized rats using magnetic resonance imaging

A quantitative description of dynamic left ventricular geometry in anaesthetized rats using magnetic resonance imaging

Role of cardiac MRI and CT in Fontan circulation

Assessment of left ventricular volume and mass by cine magnetic resonance imaging in patients with anterior myocardial infarction intra-observer and inter-observer variability on contour detection

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