Functional Evolution of Prolactin and Growth Hormone in Lower Vertebrates

Bern, Howard A.

doi:10.1093/icb/23.3.663

Cited by 74 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Three periods of normal larval development were distinguished according to Etkin ( Light rnicroscopy: Premetamorphic, prometamorphic, and late-climax tadpoles were fixed in Bouin's fluid. The pituitary complex was dissected out, embedded in paraffin wax, and serially sectioned in sagittal and transverse planes at 7 pm. The sections were treated according to Heidenhain's azan method for general histological overview, according to Gomori's silver impregnation technique for reticular fibers, and according to Gomori's paraldehyde fuchsin (AF) technique for neurosecretory material, in all instances following the technical procedures as described by Romeis (30).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The AF-reaction was weaker than in the premetamorphic tadpoles. Electron micrographs of stage 39 revealed long protuberances (7 pm) in the perivascular space sprouting from the capillary walls, and with lots of axons contacting their OBM (Fig. 10).…”

Section: Normal Tadpolesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Possible functional properties of the developing organ, as manifested in the hypothalamic control of TSH, prolactin or growth hormone secretion, have been discussed by many authors (2,5,7,9,25,26). These studies were mainly based on removal and transplantation of the hypophysial primordium in the early tailbud embryo.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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On the Development of the Eminentia Mediana of the Hypophysis in Rana temporaria, Studied in Normal, Hypophysectomized, and Thyroidectomized Tadpoles.

Aronsson¹,

Enemar²

1992

Dev Growth Differ

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In the Rana temporaria tadpole, the part of the infundibular floor that eventually becomes the eminentia mediana is very thin throughout premetamorphosis; the supply of aminergic and neurosecretory nerves IS poor, and the area is covered by a few fenestrated capillaries. The organ begins to thicken around mid-prometamorphosis owing to a marked invasion of nerves. At this stage it is also penetrated by capillaries and perivascular space extensions, which together form the neurovascular link structures. These become more pronounced during metamorphic climax, when the eminentia mediana attains the adult appearance. Development of the organ is arrested at the premetamorphic stage after thyroidectomy in the young premetamorphic tadpole. Removal of the adenohypophysial primordium from the embryo of the tailbud stage prevents the vascular-but not the neural-component of the eminentia from developing beyond the premetamorphic stage. By contrast, in the American Rana-species investigated the neural component also fails to develop after hypophysectomy.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Normal Tadpolesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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On the Development of the Eminentia Mediana of the Hypophysis in Rana temporaria, Studied in Normal, Hypophysectomized, and Thyroidectomized Tadpoles.

Aronsson¹,

Enemar²

1992

Dev Growth Differ

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“…The hypophyseal hormone, prolactin (PRL), plays an essential role in FW osmoregulation in euryhaline teleosts (Pickford and Phillips, 1959;Dharmamba et al, 1967;Bern, 1983;Manzon, 2002). Consistent with its activity in FW, PRL release in Mozambique tilapia increases in response to physiologically relevant reductions in extracellular osmolality both in vivo and in vitro (Grau et al, 1981;Yada et al, 1994;Seale et al, 2002Seale et al, , 2006bSeale et al, , 2012c.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

The effects of acute salinity challenges on osmoregulation in Mozambique tilapia reared in a tidally changing salinity

Moorman

Lerner

Grau

et al. 2015

Journal of Experimental Biology

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This study characterizes the differences in osmoregulatory capacity among Mozambique tilapia, Oreochromis mossambicus, reared in freshwater (FW), in seawater (SW) or under tidally driven changes in salinity. This was addressed through the use of an abrupt exposure to a change in salinity. We measured changes in: (1) plasma osmolality and prolactin (PRL) levels; (2) pituitary expression of prolactin (PRL) and its receptors, PRLR1 and PRLR2; (3) branchial expression of PRLR1, PRLR2, Na− co-transporter (NKCC), α1a and α1b isoforms of Na + /K + -ATPase (NKA), cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR), aquaporin 3 (AQP3) and Na + /H + exchanger 3 (NHE3). Mozambique tilapia reared in a tidal environment successfully adapted to SW while fish reared in FW did not survive a transfer to SW beyond the 6 h sampling. With the exception of CFTR, the change in the expression of ion pumps, transporters and channels was more gradual in fish transferred from tidally changing salinities to SW than in fish transferred from FW to SW. Upon transfer to SW, the increase in CFTR expression was more robust in tidal fish than in FW fish. Tidal and SW fish successfully adapted when transferred to FW. These results suggest that Mozambique tilapia reared in a tidally changing salinity, a condition that more closely represents their natural history, gain an adaptive advantage compared with fish reared in FW when facing a hyperosmotic challenge.

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“…An equally important topic is the extent and mechanisms by which evolutionary changes in hormonal regulation contribute to adaptive changes in organismal structure and function. Until very recently, endocrine evolution has been studied primarily from an interspecifi c or phylogenetic perspective (Baker, 2003, Bern, 1983, Bertrand et al, 2004and Sherwood et al, 1994. However, adaptive modifi cation of endocrine regulation begins with natural selection affecting the transmission of genetically based endocrine variants within natural populations.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evolutionary genetics of juvenile hormone and ecdysteroid regulation in Gryllus: A case study in the microevolution of endocrine regulation

Zera

2006

Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A: Molecular &

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During the past 15 years the fi rst detailed synthesis of endocrinology and population genetics has begun, in which natural genetic variations for endocrine regulators have been characterized, almost exclusively in species of the cricket genus Gryllus. Artifi cial selection studies have documented that regulators of the juvenile hormone titer can rapidly evolve and exhibit levels of genetic variability similar to other physiological traits. Strong genetic correlations exist between some but not all regulators of the JH titer during the juvenile stage. No genetic correlation exists between regulators functioning in juvenile and adult stages, and thus, endocrine regulation can evolve independently in these stages. Genetic variation in the JH titer, the ecdysteroid titer, and JHE activity, in adult and juvenile stages, have been documented in genetic stocks of wing-polymorphic crickets; morph-specifi c differences in these endocrine traits are potentially responsible for genetically based differences in aspects of wing and fl ight muscle development, adult egg production, and adult dispersal. An unexpected morph-specifi c, genetic polymorphism for a circadian rhythm for the JH titer was observed in both the laboratory and fi eld. Few comparable studies exist in non-Gryllus species, in which in vivo endocrine-genetic variation has been directly quantifi ed using reliable analytical methods; many reported cases of endocrine variation in these species have been obtained using an inappropriate method and thus should be considered unsubstantiated. Obtaining basic information on the characteristics of natural genetic variation for endocrine regulators still remains one of the most important tasks of the fl edgling subdiscipline of evolutionary endocrinology. Single gene endocrine mutants in Drosophila are promising candidates for investigating molecular-genetic variation in natural populations. Future studies should also focus on endocrine traits studied in the fi eld and geographic variation in endocrine regulation.

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Functional Evolution of Prolactin and Growth Hormone in Lower Vertebrates

Cited by 74 publications

References 14 publications

On the Development of the Eminentia Mediana of the Hypophysis in Rana temporaria, Studied in Normal, Hypophysectomized, and Thyroidectomized Tadpoles.

On the Development of the Eminentia Mediana of the Hypophysis in Rana temporaria, Studied in Normal, Hypophysectomized, and Thyroidectomized Tadpoles.

The effects of acute salinity challenges on osmoregulation in Mozambique tilapia reared in a tidally changing salinity

Evolutionary genetics of juvenile hormone and ecdysteroid regulation in Gryllus: A case study in the microevolution of endocrine regulation

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