Functional improvement in heart failure patients treated with beta-blockers is associated with a decline of cytokine levels

Social stress up-regulates inflammatory gene expression in the leukocyte transcriptome via β-adrenergic induction of myelopoiesis

“…The present findings are consistent with previous data showing that myeloid lineage immune cells and their innate effector molecules, such as proinflammatory cytokines and type I interferons, are regulated by β-adrenergic signaling (7,(57)(58)(59)(60)(61)(62) and adverse socioenvironmental conditions (2,7,10,13,17,63). These results are also consistent with previous findings that nonsocial activators of β-adrenergic signaling, such as burn-induced sepsis, can enhance monocyte differentiation (28,29).…”

Cardiolipin biosynthesis and remodeling enzymes are altered during development of heart failure

“…It has been shown previously that an increase in CDS activity was associated with increased secretion of the pro-infl ammatory mediators, tumor necrosis factor-␣ , and interleukin-6, from ECV304 cells upon stimulation with interleukin-1 ␤ ( 36 ). An increase in tumor necrosis factor-␣ and interleukin-6 content has been observed in SHHF rats at 15 months of age ( 12 ), indicating that increased CDS activity as observed in the present study may be related to the increased secretion of these infl ammatory mediators, which are known to cause contractile dysfunction ( 37 ). However, further studies are needed to fi nd a direct relationship between contractile dysfunction, CDS activity, and release of pro-infl ammatory mediators at compensated and terminal stages of HF in SHHF rats.…”

Quimiossensibilidade durante exercício na insuficiência cardíaca: respostas ventilatórias, cronotrópicas e neurohormonais

“…Like was seen in our results, HF group had higher baseline IL-6 levels 38 , but we didn't observe at rest hypoxic response. We didn't find other studies with HF and hypoxic IL-6 answer, but it was described that beta-blockers use repressed IL-6 response even in pathologic situations 39 . So, we hypothesized that in our study at rest in HF group IL-6 response could be inhibited by beta-blocker action still that hypoxic stimulus.…”