Functional Macromolecular Adhesives for Bone Fracture Healing

Abstract

Compared with traditional internal fixation devices, bone adhesives are expected to exhibit remarkable advantages, such as improved fixation of comminuted fractures and maintained spatial location of fractured scattered bone pieces in treating bone injuries. In this review, different bone adhesives are summarized from the aspects of bone tissue engineering, and the applications of bone adhesives are emphasized. The concepts of "liquid scaffold" and "liquid plate" are proposed to summarize two different research directions of bone adhesives. Furthermore, significant advances of bone adhesives in recent years in mechanical strength, osseointegration, osteoconductivity, and osteoinductivity are discussed. We conclude this topic by providing perspectives on the stateof-the-art research progress and future development trends of bone adhesives. We hope this review will provide a comprehensive summary of bone adhesives and inspire more extensive and in-depth research on this subject.

Disordered Low Molecular Weight Spiropyran Exhibiting Photoregulated Adhesion Ability

“…[20] An envision that constructing linear type molecule by putting the flanking chain at the side position of spiropyran would reduce the ordered packing preference inspired us to investigate the power of disordered spiropyrans, just like the design of utilizing molecular entanglement in some polymers and hydrogels. [21,22] In this present work, we demonstrate a linear type of low M.W. spiropyran showing multiple levels of photoregulation on the adhesion ability (Figure 1).…”

“…However, the solid‐state “T” shape spiropyrans with ordered molecular arrangement exhibit no adhesion ability, due to the lack of powerful molecular entanglement [20] . An envision that constructing linear type molecule by putting the flanking chain at the side position of spiropyran would reduce the ordered packing preference inspired us to investigate the power of disordered spiropyrans, just like the design of utilizing molecular entanglement in some polymers and hydrogels [21,22] …”

Biodegradable and Biocompatible Adhesives for the Effective Stabilisation, Repair and Regeneration of Bone

“…In order to enhance the clinical and mechanical properties of synthetic polymers, various types of biodegradable ceramics and glasses have been added. For instance, bioactive glasses, due to their excellent osteoconductivity [ 55 ], have been encapsulated and combined with octyl cyanoacrylate, aiming to increase the migration of bone-derived mesenchymal stromal cells into the adhesive layer and promote their differentiation into osteocytes [ 56 , 57 ]. While instant bonding with high mechanical properties and high efficiency of bone regeneration was achieved, the toxicity of the octyl cyanoacrylate limited further improvement.…”

Ascidian-inspired aciduric hydrogels with high stretchability and adhesiveness promote gastric hemostasis and wound healing

“…Recently, for their unique advantages in significantly decreasing the wound treatment time, lessening additional trauma, and reducing patient pain, 4 tissue adhesives have been widely investigated as a promising therapeutic strategy in medical regeneration, 5 including the treatment of gastric bleeding. 6 However, commercially available adhesives remain clinical deficiencies and are far from ideal.…”