Functional morphology of the maxillary and propharyngeal glands of Monomorium pharaonis (L.)

Boonen, Sofie; Billen, Johan

doi:10.1016/j.asd.2016.04.005

Cited by 6 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…The ducts open through the articulation membrane that connects the maxillary cardo and stipes. This location has not been reported previously as a gland site, although Boonen and Billen (2016) for Monomorium pharaonis (Linnaeus, 1758) mentioned that "occasionally, secretory cells are found medially to the tentorial arm". This comment provided a preliminary indication for the existence of our novel stipes base gland.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 50%

Morphology of the exocrine glands associated with the maxillolabial complex in the ant Camponotus japonicus Mayr, 1866 (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)

Xu¹,

He²,

Billen³

2020

Insect. Soc.

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In this study, we investigated the morphological characteristics of three glands that are associated with the labium and the maxillae in the female castes as well as males of the ant Camponotus japonicus Mayr, 1866 by using serial semithin sections and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). We propose to name these glands as the postmentum base gland, the stipes base gland and the cardo base gland. The cardo base gland represents what was previously known as the maxillary gland, the two other glands are novel findings. They all belong to class-3 glands and have no reservoir for the storage of secretion. Their morphology is similar among the studied categories (major worker, minor worker, queen and male). The postmentum base gland is made up by 10-15 secretory units that open through the articulation membrane on both sides of the base of the labial postmentum with no significant differences among castes. The stipes base gland is formed by a cluster of secretory units that open at the articulation membrane between cardo and stipes. This gland is much larger in major workers (almost 140 cells) than in the other castes (approx. 50-60 cells). The cardo base gland opens through the membrane that connects the cardo and stipes to the head capsule. The number of cells of this gland is much larger in major workers and queens (approx. 190 resp. 150) than in minor workers and males (approx. 45 resp. 40). No information is yet available on the function of the glands.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 50%

Morphology of the exocrine glands associated with the maxillolabial complex in the ant Camponotus japonicus Mayr, 1866 (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)

Xu¹,

He²,

Billen³

2020

Insect. Soc.

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“…Only present in Formica and Wasmannia in our taxon sampling, but also present in other species of Formicinae and Myrmicinae (Boonen and Billen 2016). Previously known as maxillary gland, but improved terminology introduced by Xu et al (2020).…”

Section: Glandsmentioning

confidence: 74%

“…As this structure has previously been reported in Dorylinae (Gotwald and Schaefer 1982), it is a potential autapomorphy of the Doryloformicia, a group which is so far not supported by any morphological autapomorphy. However, in this context, it is important that Boonen and Billen (2016) noted some terminological confusion in the literature on ant glands, including a frequent confusion of the maxillary gland and prepharyngeal ('propharyngeal' or 'hypopharyngeal') gland. Clearly, a thorough screening and re-evaluation across a broad sample of ant taxa is necessary.…”

Section: Poneroformicinesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The First Reconstruction of the Head Anatomy of a Cretaceous Insect, †Gerontoformica gracilis(Hymenoptera: Formicidae), and the Early Evolution of Ants

Richter

Boudinot

Yamamoto

et al. 2022

Insect Systematics and Diversity

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The fossil record allows a unique glimpse into the evolutionary history of organisms living on Earth today. We discovered a specimen of the stem group ant †Gerontoformica gracilis (Barden and Grimaldi, 2014) in Kachin amber with near-complete preservation of internal head structures, which we document employing µ-computed-tomography-based 3D reconstructions. We compare †Gerontoformica to four outgroup taxa and four extant ant species, employing parsimony and Bayesian ancestral state reconstruction to identify morphological differences and similarities between stem and crown ants and thus improve our understanding of ant evolution through the lens of head anatomy. Of 149 morphological characters, 87 are new in this study, and almost all applicable to the fossil. †Gerontoformica gracilis shares shortened dorsal tentorial arms, basally angled pedicels, and the pharyngeal gland as apomorphies with other total clade Formicidae. Retained plesiomorphies include mandible shape and features of the prepharynx. Implications of the reconstructed transitions especially for the ant groundplan are critically discussed based on our restricted taxon sampling, emphasizing the crucial information derived from internal anatomy which is applied to deep time for the first time. Based on the falcate mandible in †Gerontoformica and other Aculeata, we present hypotheses for how the shovel-shaped mandibles in crown Formicidae could have evolved. Our results support the notion of †Gerontoformica as ‘generalized’ above-ground predator missing crucial novelties of crown ants which may have helped the latter survive the end-Cretaceous extinction. Our study is an important step for anatomical research on Cretaceous insects and a glimpse into the early evolution of ant heads.

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“…The welldeveloped RER, numerous mitochondria and Golgi apparatus as well as the huge number of secretory units represent the characteristics of an active prePG. Together with the position of its opening in the prepharynx, these features illustrate the role the prePG may play in digestion and larval feeding (Otto, 1958;Ayre, 1967;Billen et al, 2013;Boonen & Billen, 2016).…”

Section: Morphological Characteristics and Function Of The Prepgmentioning

confidence: 99%

Morphology and Ultrastructure of the Prepharyngeal and Pharyngeal Glands in the Ant Camponotus Japonicus

Xu,

Zhang,

Zhang

et al. 2022

SSRN Journal

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Functional morphology of the maxillary and propharyngeal glands of Monomorium pharaonis (L.)

Cited by 6 publications

References 18 publications

Morphology of the exocrine glands associated with the maxillolabial complex in the ant Camponotus japonicus Mayr, 1866 (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)

Morphology of the exocrine glands associated with the maxillolabial complex in the ant Camponotus japonicus Mayr, 1866 (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)

The First Reconstruction of the Head Anatomy of a Cretaceous Insect, †Gerontoformica gracilis(Hymenoptera: Formicidae), and the Early Evolution of Ants

Morphology and Ultrastructure of the Prepharyngeal and Pharyngeal Glands in the Ant Camponotus Japonicus

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