Functional Neuroimaging in the Examination of Effects of Prenatal Alcohol Exposure

Coles, Claire D.; Li, Zhi-Hao

doi:10.1007/s11065-011-9165-y

Cited by 47 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 64 publications

(91 reference statements)

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“…13,98 Reduction of the overall brain size has been the most consistent finding in children with FASD. 13 Several macrostructural abnormalities, like malformations of the corpus callosum and cerebellar atrophy, have been reported in prenatally alcohol-exposed children.…”

Section: Mri Studies Of Prenatally Drug-exposed Childrenmentioning

confidence: 97%

Cerebral Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Children With Prenatal Drug Exposure

Sirnes

Elgen

Chong

et al. 2016

Clin Pediatr (Phila)

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This study aimed to evaluate cerebral magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans of children with prenatal drug exposure in a clinical context. A hospital-based cohort of 10- to 14-year-old children, prenatally exposed to alcohol, opioids, and polysubstances, and a group of sex- and age-matched controls were examined with cerebral MRI. Scans obtained from 34 exposed children and 40 controls were scored based on the presence and degree of pathology by an experienced pediatric neuroradiologist blinded to the participants’ background. Overall visual detectable MRI pathology was found in 35% of the exposed children and 33% of the controls (odds ratio = 1.08; 95% confidence interval = 0.36-3.25). No specific imaging pattern following prenatal drug exposure was seen by the means of simple visual analysis of cerebral MRI scans. Although cerebral MRI is feasible, it is probably of limited value in the clinical assessment of children with prenatal drug exposure.

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Section: Mri Studies Of Prenatally Drug-exposed Childrenmentioning

confidence: 97%

Cerebral Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Children With Prenatal Drug Exposure

Sirnes

Elgen

Chong

et al. 2016

Clin Pediatr (Phila)

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“…While this approach is purportedly less subject to confounding than traditional epidemiological methods, the validity of these inferences still depends on the reliability and validity of self-reported alcohol consumption during pregnancy. Neuroimaging studies have explored the effects of alcohol on neurodevelopment [6,9]. These studies often compare in utero alcohol-exposed persons with 'normal' controls who have had no or low in utero alcohol exposure [9].…”

Section: Current Understandings Of Fasdmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Neuroimaging studies have explored the effects of alcohol on neurodevelopment [6,9]. These studies often compare in utero alcohol-exposed persons with 'normal' controls who have had no or low in utero alcohol exposure [9]. However, there are a number of issues that may affect the validity of these studies: 1) the way in which 'normal' and 'exposed' cases are identified may be subject to a number of systematic biases; 2) studies to date have not followed up subjects over time and, therefore, it is unclear whether observed differences between cases and controls persist, or tend to the population norm, over time; 3) neuroimaging studies can only identify brain differences associated with cognitive deficits between cases and controls; they cannot determine whether prenatal alcohol exposure is the cause of the difference; and finally 4) prenatal alcohol exposure can produce microcephaly, where a significantly smaller brain develops compared with that of non-alcohol exposed individuals.…”

Section: Current Understandings Of Fasdmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, neuroimaging requires the projection of images onto a standardized brain template. The difference in size between an alcohol affected brain and that of a 'normal' brain may cause skewed projections [9].…”

Section: Current Understandings Of Fasdmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In these latter conditions, the facial deformities that characterise FAS may be absent. Advances in epidemiology, biogenetics and neurobiology are changing how FASD is understood [2,[6][7][8][9] but there are as yet no biomarkers or definitive diagnostic tests for FASD. A diagnosis of FASD is conferred on the basis of clinical judgement according to a number of different diagnostic criteria, and there is some debate as to the validity of different approaches to its diagnosis [10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Bio-Social and Ethical Framework for Understanding Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders

Lucke

Hall

2014

Neuroethics

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The diagnosis of Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders (FASDs) is embedded in a matrix of biological, social and ethical processes, making it an important topic for crossdisciplinary social and ethical research. This article reviews different branches of research relevant to understanding how FASD is identified and defined and outlines a framework for future social and ethical research in this area. We outline the character of scientific research into FASD, epidemiological discrepancies between reported patterns of maternal alcohol consumption during pregnancy and the incidence of FASD, and the social and ethical considerations that may impact on who is, and is not, diagnosed. We highlight what further research investigating FASD diagnostic processes, as well as the multi-generational impacts of FASD, is needed. Important research priorities are to: 1) enumerate the variety of stakeholders involved in seeking FASD diagnoses; 2) understand the experiences and perspectives of mothers from different backgrounds who have consumed alcohol during pregnancy and their affected children; and 3) collect health histories of maternal alcohol consumption in families to determine the effect of FASD at sub-cultural and cultural levels.

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Characterizing adverse prenatal and postnatal experiences in children

Lebel

McMorris

Kar

et al. 2019

Birth Defects Research

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Background: Prenatal and postnatal adversities, including prenatal alcohol exposure (PAE), prenatal exposure to other substances, toxic stress, lack of adequate resources, and postnatal abuse or neglect, often co-occur. These exposures can have cumulative effects, or interact with each other, leading to worse outcomes than single exposures. However, given their complexity and heterogeneity, exposures can be difficult to characterize. Clinical services and research often overlook additional exposures and attribute outcomes solely to one factor. Methods: We propose a framework for characterizing adverse prenatal and postnatal exposures and apply it to a cohort of 77 children. Our approach considers type, timing, and frequency to quantify PAE, other prenatal substance exposure, prenatal toxic stress, postnatal threat (harm or threat of harm), and postnatal deprivation (failure to meet basic needs) using a 4-point Likert-type scale. Postnatal deprivation and harm were separated into early (<24 months of age) and late (≥24 months) time periods, giving seven exposure variables. Exposures were ascertained via health records, child welfare records, interviews with birth parents, caregivers, and/or close family/friends. Results: Nearly all children had co-occurring prenatal exposures, and two-thirds had both prenatal and postnatal adversities. Children with high PAE were more likely to experience late postnatal adversities, and children with other prenatal substance exposure were more likely to have early postnatal deprivation. Postnatal adversities were more likely to co-occur. Conclusion: This framework provides a comprehensive picture of a child's adverse exposures, which can inform assessment and intervention approaches and policy and will be useful for future research.abuse, brain development, early childhood adversity, fetal alcohol spectrum disorder, neglect, prenatal alcohol exposure, prenatal and postnatal risks, toxic stress

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Functional Neuroimaging in the Examination of Effects of Prenatal Alcohol Exposure

Cited by 47 publications

References 64 publications

Cerebral Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Children With Prenatal Drug Exposure

Cerebral Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Children With Prenatal Drug Exposure

A Bio-Social and Ethical Framework for Understanding Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders

Characterizing adverse prenatal and postnatal experiences in children

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