Functional organization of the peripheral retina: Sensitivity to periodic stimuli

Hilz, R.; Cavonius, C. R.

doi:10.1016/0042-6989(74)90006-6

Cited by 179 publications

(101 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…This is surprising in particular for Position -3.0°, which refers to the case in which the prime signal appeared on the contralateral side of where the saccade actually was directed and the test signal was presented (+3.0°). The effect declines only for the most eccentric location (4S), which is plausible because vision at such eccentricities is known to be increasingly impaired with respect to both spatial resolution and contrast sensitivity (Hilz & Cavonius, 1974;Westheimer, 1982). Again, the SDT analysis of the results depicted in Figures 48 and 4C …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of perceptual context on transsaccadic visual matching

Jüttner

1997

Perception & Psychophysics

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Transsaccadic visual matching refers to the phenomenon in which presaccadic signals at the location ofthe saccade goal influence the visibility ofpostsaccadic test signals presented at the fovea (Juttner & Rohler, 1993).The present study uses variations ofthe perceptual context, provided by the structure of the presaccadic stimulus display, to investigate the influence of spatial information, decision factors, and visual attention on this form of transsaccadic information processing. The experiments yielded the following results: First, analysis of the data in terms of signal detection theory revealed that transsaccadic visual matching manifests in a shift of decision criterion ({3) rather than in a change of sensory sensitivity (d'). The criterion shift leads to a suppression ofpostsaccadic stimulus information that is incompatible with presaccadic processed information. Second, the matching effect strongly depends on the structure of the presaccadic display, which suggests that mechanisms of visual attention provide the spatial binding of pre-and postsaccadic stimulus information. Third, transsaccadic matching is phenomenologically tied to the execution of the saccade and effective during a postsaccadic period extending up to 160msec after termination of the eye movement. These findings indicate a form of context-sensitive evaluation process that could subsidize the maintenance of visual stability.When we look at pictures or scan our visual environment, our eyes are almost permanently moving. Fast ballistic eye movements, or saccades, separate brief periods of time (fixations) during which the eyes remain almost stationary. During the saccade, vision is severely impaired. Saccadic suppression (see, e.g., Riggs, Merton, & Morton, 1974;Volkman, Schick, & Riggs, 1968) reduces visual sensitivity and suppresses the perception of the smeared retinal image during the eye movement. Moreover, sensitivity to displacement of targets decreases substantially so that motion and position information becomes severely degraded (Bridgeman, 1983;Bridgeman, Hendry, & Stark, 1975). Acquisition ofvisual information therefore takes place mainly during the fixations, and the sequence of fixational pauses corresponds to a series of discrete retinal images. Even if we assume a stationary head and body, the retinal projections still differ from each other as the mapping of spatiotopic to retinal coordinates depends on the dynamic position of the eye. But despite these differences, the apparent position of objects in the world remains constant and our experience ofthe world is stable and continuous rather than being fragmented into individual glimpses.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of perceptual context on transsaccadic visual matching

Jüttner

1997

Perception & Psychophysics

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“…Measurements in which the stimuli were presented to the peripheral retina are mostly acuity measurements (Anstis, 1974;Berkley, 1975;Green, 1970) The only results we found in the literature giving information on the contrast sensitivity as a function of eccentricity are those of Bryngdahl (1966). Hilz and Cavonius (1974) and Rovamo et al (1978). Bryngdahl (1966) concluded from his results, obtained by measuring the subjective modulation depth of a one-dimensional grating, that the contrast sensitivity reaches a maximum at the periphery.…”

Section: Ntroduci'ionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Contrast sensitivity as a function of position on the retina

1980

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“…In addition, the presentation of the sentences in each spacing condition was counterbalanced across particular, words within greater than normal letter spacing occupy a physical space that is unusually long and, so, will extend farther away than normal from fixation. Consequently, because retinal acuity drops off with increasing distance from the center of the fovea (e.g., Hilz & Cavonius, 1974;Østerberg, 1935), parts of these words will project to retinal regions that are of lower acuity than usual, and this reduction in acuity for parts of words may lead to slower word identification. In addition, there is considerable evidence that readers extract information about words in the right parafovea and use this information to guide the next fixation and to partially process a word before bringing it into foveal vision (Morris et al, 1990;O'Regan, 1979O'Regan, , 1980Pollatsek & Rayner, 1982;Rayner, 1979;Rayner & Morris, 1992;.…”

Section: Stimuli and Designmentioning

confidence: 99%