Functional outcomes in schizophrenia: Understanding the competence-performance discrepancy

When Functional Capacity and Real-World Functioning Converge: The Role of Self-Efficacy

“…The results complement previous work 14 that has linked course of illness and living circumstances as factors explaining the gap between these 2 levels of functional measurement. In addition to self-efficacy beliefs, we identify a few variables that likely play a role, all of which exert their influence on an individual's motivational processes.…”

“…Indeed, in a small sample of outpatients with schizophrenia, Hoffman and colleagues found that outcome expectancies were strongly associated with rehabilitation outcome. Furthermore, Gupta and colleagues 14 found more restricted living circumstances which likely affect expectancies due to fewer social opportunities, predicted a gap between capacity and functioning.…”

“…Gupta and colleagues 14 found poorer clinical course of illness (eg, earlier onset and greater time spent institutionalized), more depressive symptoms, and restricted living circumstances accurately classified those who evidenced poor real-world functioning in spite of having adequate capacity to perform everyday behaviors. Although classification rates in this study were adequate, the addition of key intrapersonal factors may further improve our prediction of who is likely to underperform in the everyday environment.…”

Cluster analysis differentiates high and low community functioning in schizophrenia: Subgroups differ on working memory but not other neurocognitive domains

“…Three critical factors that help conceptualize community functioning are functional capacity (i.e., ability to complete tasks essential for everyday functioning), social competence (i.e., ability to socially engage others), and functional attainment (i.e., achieving functional independence) (Harvey and Bellack, 2009;Harvey et al, 2011). Moreover, research suggests that capacity alone is not sufficient to achieve high levels of community functioning (Gupta et al, 2012). Hence, identifying specific targets to improve community functioning is an important step towards facilitating functional recovery from schizophrenia (Gould et al, 2012;Harvey and Bellack, 2009).…”

Comparison of self-report and performance-based measures of everyday functioning in individuals with schizophrenia: implications for measure selection

“…In addition, we also sought to evaluate patterns of interrelationships of these measures to neurocognition and psychiatric symptoms, both of which have previously been shown to influence and predict real-world functioning in individuals with schizophrenia. Based on previous research, we hypothesised that performance-based measures would be more strongly related to neurocognitive variables Mausbach, Moore, Bowie, Cardenas, & Patterson, 2009;McClure et al, 2007), than to psychiatric symptoms, if at all (Bowie, Reichenberg, Patterson, Heaton, & Harvey, 2006;Gupta, Bassett, Iftene, & Bowie, 2012a;Velligan, Alphs, Lancaster, Morlock, & Mintz, 2009). Since there were limited data on correlates of our self-report measure, analyses examining its' interrelationships with neurocognitive and symptoms correlates were exploratory.…”