Functional Polyethylene Terephthalate with Nanometer‐Sized Bioactive Glass Coatings Stimulating In Vitro and In Vivo Osseointegration for Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction

Abstract

Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) artificial ligament has been widely used for treating serious cases of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries. However, the major drawback of PET artificial ligament is their insufficient surface bioactivity which hinders its osseointegration and mechanical anchorage in the bone tunnel. The aim of the present study is to prepare functional akermanite (AKT) nanocoatings on PET artificial ligaments by pulsed laser deposition (PLD) in order to promote the in vitro osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs and in vivo osteointegration. The results show that AKT glass nanocoatings on PET with uniform nanoparticles (around 30 nm) have been successfully prepared by PLD method. The in vitro study displays that the prepared AKT‐PET grafts support the attachment of BMSCs, and significantly stimulate the proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs in comparison to pure PET grafts. AKT coatings on PET grafts promote the regeneration of new bone at the interface of the grafts and host bone tissues, and enhance the bonding strength in vivo as compared to pure PET grafts. The study establishes a viable method to apply PLD technique for preparing bioactive ceramic‐coated PET artificial ligaments with significantly improved osseointegration for ACL reconstruction.

Mussel-Inspired Artificial Grafts for Functional Ligament Reconstruction

“…In this study, the maximal pull-out load of the APA/PDA–PET group was significantly higher than that of the pure PET group without coatings 12 weeks after surgery. The pull-out load capacity suggests the biomechanical stability of the grafts in the bone tunnel . In addition, no significant difference in the maximal pull-out load was detected between the PDA–PET and PET groups at week 12, and the maximal pull-out load of the APA/PDA–PET group was significantly higher than that of the PDA–PET group.…”

“…The digital images were recorded using a DP Manager (Olympus Optical Co., Japan). Histomorphometric analysis was performed according to a previously reported procedure . Five sections were chosen, and each section was divided into 4 quadrants to determine the graft–bone interface width.…”

Hierarchically micro-patterned nanofibrous scaffolds with a nanosized bio-glass surface for accelerating wound healing

“…1c and c′), as the nanocomposite coatings could be in situ synthesized via the highly energetic nature of the PLD technique. 24,25 The PT-NBG scaffold possesses a hierarchical structure containing three different structural features with multiple scales. On the micrometer scale, a 2-dimensional patterned structure similar to the PT scaffold was constructed (300-400 µm) (Fig.…”

<p>Macro-Microporous Surface with Sulfonic Acid Groups and Micro-Nano Structures of PEEK/Nano Magnesium Silicate Composite Exhibiting Antibacterial Activity and Inducing Cell Responses</p>

“…As for bearing bone substitute and repair, implantable biomaterials should possess not only high mechanical properties but also excellent biocompatibility and osteogenic activity, which promotes bone regeneration and osseointegration that ensures early load/fixation and long-term stability of the implants in vivo. 1,2 Bacterial infection is the main cause of the failure of implants in orthopedics, thus implantable biomaterials with antibacterial performances can inhibit bacterial infection and thereby maintain long-term stability of the implants. 3 As a result, implantable biomaterials with osteogenic activity and antibacterial performances are two key factors to determine the success of the bone implantation.…”