Functional Porous Polymers by Emulsion Templating: Recent Advances

Kimmins, Scott D.; Cameron, Neil R.

doi:10.1002/adfm.201001330

Cited by 380 publications

(353 citation statements)

References 158 publications

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“…Emulsion templating is a convenient method to prepare highly porous polymeric materials with well-defined morphology [1][2][3][4][5][6] . The process involves preparing a high internal phase emulsion (HIPE), i.e.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Degradable emulsion-templated scaffolds for tissue engineering from thiol–ene photopolymerisation

et al. 2012

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Further information on publisher's website:http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c2sm26250aPublisher's copyright statement:Additional information: Use policyThe full-text may be used and/or reproduced, and given to third parties in any format or medium, without prior permission or charge, for personal research or study, educational, or not-for-prot purposes provided that:• a full bibliographic reference is made to the original source • a link is made to the metadata record in DRO • the full-text is not changed in any way The full-text must not be sold in any format or medium without the formal permission of the copyright holders.Please consult the full DRO policy for further details. AbstractEmulsion templating has been used to prepare highly porous polyHIPE materials by thiol-ene photoinitiated network formation. Commercially available multifunctional thiols and acrylates were formulated into water-in-oil high internal phase emulsions (HIPEs) using an appropriate surfactant, and the HIPEs were photo-cured. The temperature of the HIPE aqueous phase was found to influence the morphology of the resulting materials. In agreement with previous work, a higher aqueous phase temperature (80 o C) gave rise to a larger mean void and interconnect diameter. The influence of temperature on morphology was found to be reduced at higher porosity, but still significant. The Young's modulus of the porous materials was shown to be related to the functionality of the acrylate comonomer used. A mixture of penta-and hexa-acrylate gave rise to a 100-fold increase in modulus, compared to an analogous tri-functional acrylate. The materials could be functionalised conveniently by addition of mono-acrylates or thiols to the organic phase of the precursor HIPE. Degradation was observed to occur at a rate depending on the degradation conditions. Under cell culture conditions at 37 o C, 19% mass loss occurred over 15 weeks. The scaffolds were found to be capable of supporting the growth of keratinocytic cells (HaCaTs) over 11 days in culture. Some penetrative in-growth of the cells into the scaffold was observed.3

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Degradable emulsion-templated scaffolds for tissue engineering from thiol–ene photopolymerisation

et al. 2012

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“…When the internal droplet phase is aqueous and the continuous phase is organic, upon polymerisation a monolithic structure results with the formation of interconnected pore structures [1][2][3][4]. The larger pore structures are known as voids while the smaller pore structures within the void are known as windows.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Graphene Oxide Nanoparticles and Their Influence on Chromatographic Separation Using Polymeric High Internal Phase Emulsions

Choudhury

Duffy

Connolly³

et al. 2017

Separations

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This work presents the first instance of reversed-phase liquid chromatographic separation of small molecules using graphene oxide nanoparticle-modified polystyrene-divinylbenzene polymeric high internal phase emulsion (GONP PS-co-DVB polyHIPE) materials housed within a 200-µm internal diameter (i.d.) fused silica capillary. The graphene oxide nanoparticle (GONP)-modified materials were produced as a potential strategy to increase both the surface area limitations and the reproducibility issues observed in monolithic stationary phase materials. GONP PS-co-DVB polyHIPEs were found to have a surface area up to 40% lower than unmodified polymeric high internal phase emulsion (polyHIPE) stationary phases. However, despite having a surface area significantly lower than that of the unmodified material, the GONP-modified polyHIPEs demonstrated superior analyte adsorption properties. Reducing the GONP material did not have any significant impact on elution order or retention factor of the analytes, which was most likely due to low GONP loading attributed to the 250-nm GONPs utilised. The lower surface area of GONP-modified polyHIPEs provided similar separation efficiency and increased repeatability from injection to injection resulting in % relative standard deviations (%RSDs) of less than 0.6%, indicating the potential offered by graphene oxide (GO)-modified polyHIPES in flow through applications such as adsorption or separation processes.

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“…In recent years, microcellular polymers obtained from high internal phase emulsions (HIPEs) have attracted considerable attention [1][2][3][4]. A HIPE is an emulsion with an internal phase volume ratio greater than 74% of the total emulsion volume [5][6][7][8], although some definitions refer to HIPEs at lower internal phase ratios [9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, in order to expand the applications of polyHIPEs, a variety of more hydrophilic monomers have been studied including; 4-vinylbenzene chloride (VBC) [12][13][14], 4-nitrophenyl acrylate (NPA) [15], 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) [16], acryl amide (AAm) [17], glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) and ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EGDMA) [18][19][20]. In recent years, the preparation of polyHIPEs via oil-in-water (o/w) templates has attracted attention despite the difficulties in achieving a stable emulsion [1]. For instance poly(acrylic acid) polyHIPEs have been prepared by Krajnc et al [21] from an o/w HIPE consisting of acrylic acid.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tailoring the mechanical and thermal properties of dicyclopentadiene polyHIPEs with the use of a comonomer

Mert

Slugovc²,

Krajnc³

2015

Express Polym. Lett.

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Abstract. The effect of adding a comonomer to dicyclopentadiene in high internal phase emulsions (HIPEs) on the properties of ring-opening metathesis polymerisation (ROMP) derived polyHIPEs has been investigated. With this aim, dicylopentadiene was copolymerised with norbornene in surfactant stabilized high internal phase emulsions. Morphological, mechanical and thermal properties of the resulting materials were investigated with regard to the monomer ratio. The interconnected pore structure was observed for the resulting poly(dicylopentadiene-co-norbornene) polyHIPEs. Furthermore, the new polyHIPE copolymers were found to have an improved thermal stability compared to the poly(dicylopentadiene) homopolymer.

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Functional Porous Polymers by Emulsion Templating: Recent Advances

Abstract: [ 5 b] GMA based polyHIPEs have been prepared for the separation of proteins. [ 8 ] A low HLB number (0.5) surfactant (triblock

Cited by 380 publications

References 158 publications

Degradable emulsion-templated scaffolds for tissue engineering from thiol–ene photopolymerisation

Degradable emulsion-templated scaffolds for tissue engineering from thiol–ene photopolymerisation

Graphene Oxide Nanoparticles and Their Influence on Chromatographic Separation Using Polymeric High Internal Phase Emulsions

Tailoring the mechanical and thermal properties of dicyclopentadiene polyHIPEs with the use of a comonomer

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