Functional properties of platelets in black-and-white calves during the phase of plant nutrition

This paper shows the results of the study of the effect of temperature on the coagulation processes in the hemostasis of cows and calves. Purpose of the work: comparison of the results of the study of the indicators of the coagulation system of blood of cows and calves of the black-and-brown breed, obtained with the use of medical and veterinary coagulometer, taking into account the age of the animal and its body temperature. The study was conducted in the Vologda region of Russia. The following coagulogram parameters were analyzed: thrombin time, prothrombin time, activated partial thromboplastin time, fibrinogen count. It was found that at physiological temperature on a veterinary coagulometer in the plasma of cows there is a reliable increase in thrombin time by 2.2 times, decrease in prothrombin time by 32.5%, increase in activated partial thromboplastin time by 11.2%, increase in the amount of fibrinogen by 315.4%; in calf plasma - decrease of thrombin time by 7.8%, increase of prothrombin time by 6.2%, increase of activated partial thromboplastin time by 20.9%, increase of fibrinogen amount by 347.6% in comparison with the results obtained during standard incubation at 37°C. The correlation between hemostasis indicators and temperature factor in cows was noticeable (thrombin time, fibrinogen), in calves negative moderate for thromboplastin time, moderate for activated partial thromboplastin time and noticeable for prothrombin time and fibrinogen. The study of coagulation processes in cows and calves using a medical coagulometer led to the results that differ significantly from the reactions occurring in the organism at physiological body temperature. Taking into account the results of the study, it is possible to consider a veterinary coagulometer with the possibility of setting the necessary temperature as a device quite suitable for adequate assessment of hemostasiological parameters in cattle.

Comparison of functional indices of hemostasis of cows and calves obtained taking into account body temperature

Tkacheva,

Fomina,

Berezina

et al. 2024

Comparative analysis of hemostasis indices of sheep and lambs obtained taking into account body temperature

Tkacheva,

Fomina,

Berezina

et al. 2024

This paper shows the results of the study of the effect of temperature on the rate of coagulation processes in the blood plasma of small ruminants. The aim of the work was to compare the results of the study of blood coagulation indicators of sheep and lambs of Romanov and Edilbaev breed, obtained using medical and veterinary coagulometer, taking into account the age of the animal and its body temperature. The study was conducted in the Vologda region. The following parameters of coagulogram were analyzed: thrombin time, prothrombin time, activated partial thromboplastin time, amount and activity of fibrinogen. It was found that at physiologic temperature on veterinary coagulometer in plasma of sheep and lambs there is an increase of prothrombin time by 8,54 s and 15,24 s respectively, at that correlation-regression and one-factor dispersion analysis shows a positive moderate relationship between prothrombin time and plasma incubation temperature (r=0,3). In the plasma of lambs at the study with the setting of physiological temperature on the veterinary coagulometer there is an increase in the level of fibrinogen and its activity by 0.35 g and 4.53 sec, respectively, Correlation-regression and one-factor dispersion analysis showed a reliable high positive relationship between fibrinogen level and plasma incubation temperature (r=0,9) and a reliable high negative relationship between fibrinogen activity and plasma incubation temperature (r= -0,9). In this regard, a veterinary coagulometer with the possibility of setting the necessary temperature for adequate assessment of hemostasiological processes in sheep of different age groups can be recommended.

Impact of anthropogenic toxic substances on the antioxidant defense of Ceratophyllum demersum and Egeria densa

Glamazdin,

Kropova,

Kartashev

et al. 2024

Considering the current increase in anthropogenic pollution of the environment, it becomes necessary to monitor the qualitative and quantitative aspects of the impact of pollution on various biological objects. Of great practical interest are the toxic effects of technogenic discharges on various hydrobionts and the basic mechanisms of their development in macrophyte plants. In this regard, this work studied the influence of heavy metal ions, anionic synthetic surfactants and their combinations on the activity of the main antioxidant enzymes in the tissues of Ceratophyllum demersum and Egeria densa. An experiment was conducted to assess changes in the freshwater macrophytes Ceratophyllum demersum and Egeria densa. The activity of antioxidant enzymes was taken into account: peroxidase, polyphenol oxidase, ascorbate oxidase and catalase. Their activity was assessed basally and in response to chemical stressors (100 µmol/l lead ions, 1% solution of anionic synthetic surfactants) individually and in combination with different exposures to toxic substances. The identified features of enzymatic activity in the tissues of aquatic macrophytes indicate different levels and power of their antioxidant protection. It has been noted that the activity of antioxidant enzymes when plants are exposed to certain types of pollutants and their combinations is determined by the chemical nature of the pollutant, the mechanism of its action on the plant organism, the duration of exposure and the localization of these enzymes in cell compartments.