Functional Safety Concept to Support Hazard Assessment and Risk Management in Water-Supply Systems

Tchórzewska-Cieślak, B.; Pietrucha-Urbanik, Katarzyna; Eid, Mohamed

doi:10.3390/en14040947

Cited by 8 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Thus, financial benefits do not always determine the adopted technical solutions. Other energy and water saving possibilities such as appropriate internal pipe lining [52,53] or leakage protection [54] inside the filter station are of marginal importance.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Energy and Water Savings during Backwashing of Rapid Filter Plants

Zielina

Dąbrowski

2021

Energies

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This paper describes an analysis of the effects of adjusting the intensity of filter backwash to the water temperature. The consequences of the lack of such adjustment for the life of filter beds, the amount of water used for backwashing, the amount of energy used for backwashing and the quality of the first filtrate are presented. In order to determine the losses and profits resulting from controlling the intensity of backwash water depending on its temperature, an analysis was carried out at a water treatment plant in southern Poland. Laboratory measurements were used to determine the granulation and specific gravity of sand grains filling the filtration beds. On the basis of measurements on a semi-technical scale, the magnitudes of filter bed expansion were determined for average monthly wash water temperatures. They were first calculated from the Richardson–Zaki equation, using different formulae for the value of the exponent of the power in this equation. Due to significant differences in the density and shape of grains covered with a permanent deposit after several years of filter operation, a satisfactory match between the formulae known from the literature and the results of expansion measurements was not obtained. Therefore, an new formula for the bed expansion was developed based on the Richardson–Zaki equation. A good fit of this formula to the experimental results was obtained. Monthly average values of water temperature were compiled, and on this basis the required amount of backwash water and energy was computed. The computations were made for 25% of fluidized bed expansion. Possible energy and water savings were estimated, as well as further gains from keeping the required expansion of the porous bed constant regardless of the wash water temperature.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Energy and Water Savings during Backwashing of Rapid Filter Plants

Zielina

Dąbrowski

2021

Energies

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“…The assessment of the effectiveness of management actions could be done through the predictive model, and the model provided a method to assess and predict the overall situation based on the statistical action data. Pietrucha-Urbanik et al [25] studied the hazard assessment and risk management of water supply systems based on the functional safety concept, the methodologies and case studies presented in the paper will contribute to the decision-making process regarding to the safety and performance upgrading of water supply system. The above studies primarily focused on the risk management of water supply system, the risk management of the sewage pipe network construction needs to be further studied.…”

Section: Risk Analysis Of Schedule Uncertainties 41 the Research Background Of Uncertaintiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study on Construction Resource Optimization and Uncertain Risk of Urban Sewage Pipe Network

Luo³

et al. 2021

Period. Polytech. Civil Eng.

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With considering sewage pipe network upgrading projects in the “villages” in cities, the optimization of construction resources and the assessment of delay risks could be achieved. Based on the schedule-cost hypothetical theory, the mathematical model with constraint indicators was established to obtain the expression of optimal resource input, and conclude the method to analyze the schedule uncertainties. The analysis showed that cyclical footage of pipe could be regarded as a relatively fixed value, and the cost can be regarded as a function that depending on the number of working teams. The optimal number of teams and the optimal schedule occurred when the minimum total cost achieved. In the case of insufficient meteorological data, the Monte Carlo simulation method and uncertainty analysis method can be applied to assess the impact of rainfall on the total construction period, correspondingly the probability of such risk could be derived. The calculation showed that the risk of overdue completion varied significantly according to the construction starting time. It was necessary to take rainfall risk into consideration and make corresponding strategies and measures.

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“…These are extremely important and, beyond any doubt, relevant issues. However, in addition to creating new infrastructure, there is a need to optimally integrate existing infrastructures, subjected to rationalization, into this concept [7,8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

On the Issues of Spatial Modeling of Non-Standard Profiles by the Example of Electromagnetic Emission Measurement Data

et al. 2022

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This paper examines the possibility of the spatial modelling of the Earth’s natural pulsed-electromagnetic-field measured values, which form a closed profile without the data inside. This geophysical method allows us to map active tectonic movement which breaches the integrity of pipes. During the experiment, 4.5 km of profiles were measured in the Admiralteysky district of St. Petersburg, Russia. Regular electromotive force (EMF) values and anomalous EMF values were obtained, ranging from 0 to 900 µV and above 900 µV, respectively. The anomalous values are associated with tectonic faults in the bedrock. The data obtained are characterized by complex spatial anisotropy associated with the development of two groups of tectonic faults of different orientations. The authors have considered the problems of the spatial modeling of the data obtained. The main problems, the solutions to which should allow the obtaining of adequate models, have been identified. Based on the analysis of the measurement results, geological features of the studied areas, as well as variography, the following possible solutions were proposed: changing the measurement technique; dividing the data array according to the main directions of anisotropy; the need to introduce additional correction coefficients. The problem revealed in this article requires further research on the basis of the obtained results, which will reduce the cost and timing of such studies, and, as a result, give an opportunity to take into account active tectonic disturbances during the construction and scheduled maintenance of underground utilities, which is especially important within the framework of the concept of sustainable development.

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Functional Safety Concept to Support Hazard Assessment and Risk Management in Water-Supply Systems

Cited by 8 publications

References 19 publications

Energy and Water Savings during Backwashing of Rapid Filter Plants

Energy and Water Savings during Backwashing of Rapid Filter Plants

Study on Construction Resource Optimization and Uncertain Risk of Urban Sewage Pipe Network

On the Issues of Spatial Modeling of Non-Standard Profiles by the Example of Electromagnetic Emission Measurement Data

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