Functional status in relation to depression among elderly individuals in Indonesia: a cross-sectional analysis of the Indonesian National Health Survey 2018 among elderly individuals

Abstract

Background Depression among elderly individuals is related to physical illness, functional status, prolonged treatment and other factors. Depression is not effectively treated with medication but can be alleviated by treating the physical illness and improving functional status. Therefore, this study aims to determine the relationship between functional status and depression in elderly individuals in Indonesia. Methods The data used were obtained from a national survey dataset, namely, the Basic Health Research and Socio-Economic Survey in 2018, which was carried out in 34 provinces and 514 districts or cities. The total number of respondents was 93,829, aged ≥60 years. Functional status and depression were assessed using the Barthel index and MINI (Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview), respectively. Furthermore, data processing was carried out with the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 26 program and analyzed using the chi-square test and multiple logistic regression with the complex sample method. Results Elderly individuals with severe dependence were at the greatest risk of becoming depressed compared to those without functional impairment or with independence after considering sociodemographic factors and disease history have 5.730 (95% CI = 4.302-7.632) the adj odds. Furthermore, this figure was higher than that of individuals with total dependence have 4.147 (95% CI = 3.231-5.231) the adj odds. The physical illness experienced also played a role in the risk for depression, which was higher among elderly individuals with stroke and a history of injury. The sociodemographic factors involved include low education and economic levels. In contrast, the area of residence and marital status had no statistically significant effect on the relationship between functional disorders and depression. Conclusions Elderly individuals with decreased functional status are prone to depression. The highest probability for depression was observed among those with severe dependence compared to those with total dependence. Consequently, interventions that involve various sectors, including social and family support, are needed.

Influencing factors of home exercise adherence in elderly patients with stroke: A multiperspective qualitative study

“…The body’s nervous, endocrine and immune systems can become dysregulated or overactivated through maladaptation in response to stress, leading to adverse health behaviors ( 29 ). The elderly are in a gradual aging process, with physical function gradually declining, they are more likely to become depressed when suffering from illness ( 30 ). Therefore, medical staff should enhance the early detection of depressive symptoms in elderly patients with stroke for early psychological and pharmacological treatment to enhance motor motivation.…”

Factors Associated with Depression among Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients at a Tertiary Hospital during the COVID-19 Pandemic

“…Those conditions are functional and cognitive impairment, comorbid medical conditions, social isolation, and widowed or separated marital status. 16 Diabetes could be one of the comorbid conditions in the elderly. In addition, social isolation during the COVID-19 pandemic might aggravate the risk of depression.…”

“…Record of diabetic foot ulcer (DFU) obtained from physical examination and medical records looking for unresolved foot ulcer or records of amputation related to diabetic foot and then classified into two groups: patient with a record of DFU and without a record of DFU. Total scores from the individual BDI-II questionnaire were classified into four groups: minimal (0-13), mild (14)(15)(16)(17)(18)(19), moderate (20)(21)(22)(23)(24)(25)(26)(27)(28), and severe (29-63). 12,13 Categorical data describing participants' characteris-…”

The Validity of the Self-Reporting Questionnaire-20 for Symptoms of Depression: A Sub- Analysis of the National Health Survey in Indonesia

“…The method used in this study was written in the NHS's report [7] and socioeconomic level data were retrieved from the National Socioeconomic Survey (Susenas) conducted by the Central Statistics Body and integrated into the NHS. This approach was explained in previous article on the determinants of pre-diabetes and elderly in Indonesia, and the difference in the sampling frame for pre-diabetes is only in 26 provinces while for the elderly is for more than 59 years old [10], [11].…”