Functional Status in Relation to Depression Among Elderly Individuals in Indonesia

Abstract

Background: Depression among elderly individuals is related to physical illness, functional status, prolonged treatment and other factors. Depression is not effectively treated with medication but can be alleviated by treating the physical illness and improving functional status. Therefore, this study aims to determine the relationship between functional status and depression in elderly individuals in Indonesia.Methods: The data used were obtained from a national survey dataset, namely, the Basic Health Research and Socio-Economic Survey in 2018, which was carried out in 34 provinces and 514 districts or cities. The total number of respondents was 93,829, aged ≥ 60 years. Functional status and depression were assessed using the Barthel index and MINI (Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview), respectively. Furthermore, data processing was carried out with the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 26 program and analyzed using the chi-square test and multiple logistic regression with the complex sample method.Results: Elderly individuals with severe dependence were at the greatest risk of becoming depressed compared to those without functional impairment or with independence after considering sociodemographic factors and disease history have 5.730 (95% CI= 4.302-7.632) the adj odds. Furthermore, this figure was higher than that of individuals with total dependence have 4.147 (95% CI=3.231-5.231) the adj odds. The physical illness experienced also played a role in the risk for depression, which was higher among elderly individuals with stroke and a history of injury. The sociodemographic factors involved include low education and economic levels. In contrast, the area of residence and marital status had no statistically significant effect on the relationship between functional disorders and depression.Conclusions: Elderly individuals with decreased functional status are prone to depression. The highest probability for depression was observed among those with severe dependence compared to those with total dependence. Consequently, interventions that involve various sectors, including social and family support, are needed.

Structural equation model of the relationship between depression with functional and nutritional status among Iranian older women: A Cross-sectional Study

“…The results also showed that when the score of functional disability in ADL and IADL increases, the person's depression score decreases, which is consistent with the results of other studies (20,22,36,37).…”

“…The present study showed a higher prevalence of depression compared to the studies conducted in China (12.2%), (2) (39) and study by Daiani and Indrawati in Indonesia (7.7%) (22). However, the prevalence of depression was lower than the studies by Nekar et al in India (68.5%) (15), the study by Rahanur Alam in Bangladesh (84%)(16), and the study by T. M. Dao in Vietnam (66.9%) (11).…”

“…Researchers believe that this issue is signi cant enough to ask about their "functional status" in the screening of depression in the elderly instead of asking about their "feeling" (21). Experimental evidence con rms that functional impairment can increase the risk of depression in the elderly (21)(22)(23).…”