Functionalized MoS₂-Based Nanomaterials for Cancer Phototherapy and Other Biomedical Applications

Abstract

Transition-metal dichalcogenides (TMDs), as a novel category of nanomaterials and a potential alternate to graphene, are attracting great interest of researchers, because of their strong conductivity, superior catalytic performance, and good optical properties. As the most representative type of all TMDs, molybdenum disulfide (MoS 2 )-based nanomaterials are expanded into two-dimensional (2D) nanosheets, quantum dots (QDs), flower-like nanoparticles, nanospheres and nanotubes. These types are regarded as promising nanoplatforms for various applications in biomedicine, such as drug delivery, phototherapy, biosensing, bioimaging, theranostics, and antimicrobials, because of the unique planar structures, superb electronic and optical properties (such as thickness-dependent bandgap, strong near-infrared absorbance, and large surface area), and easily functionalized surface sites. Until now, there have been a few reviews about MoS 2 -based nanomaterials, with regard to functionalization for improvement of properties, such as high drug loading efficiency, dispersibility, physiological stability, biocompatibility, targeting ability, pharmacodynamics, controllable drug release, enhanced treatment and therapeautic efficacy, and even biodegradability and toxicity reduction. Here, we systematically summarized the progress of functionalized MoS 2 -based nanomaterials with improved physicochemical and biological properties for the biomedical applications. First, we emphatically introduced these biomedical applications in drug delivery, anticancer photothermal therapy (PTT), photodynamic therapy (PDT), and combined phototherapy. Besides, other biomedical applications were also introduced in detail including bioimaging, biosensing, theranostics, toxicity, tissue engineering, and antimicrobials. Lastly, the current challenges, opportunities and prospects of MoS 2 -based nanomaterials were also discussed in depth. We expect that this review will contribute to a quick and in-depth understanding of the latest progress in bioapplication of MoS 2 -based nanomaterials, inspiring the creation of various techniques to design and fabricate MoS 2based nanomaterials with multiple capability and high biological safety, and expand them into more application in the field of biomedicine.

Single-Cell Photothermal Analysis Induced by MoS2 Nanoparticles by Raman Spectroscopy

“…where α is the medium thermal diffusivity. Considering, for instance, the case of a cell with a 10 μm diameter and using the thermal diffusivity of water (0.143 mm 2 /s at room temperature), the characteristic time is τ T ~0.7 ms. On the other hand, τ T is in an order of a few minutes for R = 10 mm, which is consistent with the typical duration of a PTT on tissues (Chou et al (2013); Carrow et al (2020); Liu et al (2021); Song et al (2017)).…”

“…Nowadays, the use of 2D-MoS 2 for photothermal therapy (PTT) has been well assessed ( Wang et al (2021) ). Numerous groups have reported on the effectiveness of properly functionalized 2D-MoS 2 for killing targeted tissues upon irradiation with NIR radiation, in both in vitro and in vivo experiments ( Liu et al (2021) ; Song et al (2017) ). The typical outcome of most of these studies relies on the cell viability following PTT, tumor growth suppression, and/or MoS 2 clearance after treatment.…”

Mechanical Properties and Tribological Behavior of MoS2-Enhanced Cellulose-Based Biocomposites for Food Packaging

“…When added to polymers, it forms composites with improved strength and reduced friction. Previous studies have demonstrated the use of MoS 2 additives in applications, such as lubrication, anti-wear, anticorrosion [ 15 ], and biocompatibility [ 16 ].…”

Flexible polymeric patch based nanotherapeutics against non-cancer therapy

“…Despite a plethora of systematic researches and studies regarding the development of tumor theranostics are gradually increasing in number, and design of polymeric materials as delivery devices in biomedicine has also been systematically summarized in a gradually rising number of reviews [ 6 , [49] , [50] , [51] ]. A detailed and comprehensive overview that introduces nanomaterial integrated polymeric flexible patches in non-cancerous therapy still does not currently exist.…”