Functions of astrocytes in multiple sclerosis: A review

Salles, Débora; Samartini, Raquel Spindola; Alves, Maria Teresa de Seixas; Malinverni, Andréa Cristina de Moraes; Stávale, João Norberto

doi:10.1016/j.msard.2022.103749

Cited by 16 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…Similarly, an alteration in the phenotype with a hypertrophic cell body and thick processes has been recorded [ 181 ]. Current research shows that several drugs used to treat demyelinating diseases, such as MS, provide therapeutic benefits by modulating astrocytic activity, either by reducing the harmful actions of reactive astrocytes or by potentiating their beneficial effects [ 182 , 183 ].…”

Section: Roles Of Reactive Astrocytes In Neurodegenerative Diseases A...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Neurodegenerative Diseases: Unraveling the Heterogeneity of Astrocytes

Santiago-Balmaseda,

Aguirre-Orozco,

Valenzuela-Arzeta

et al. 2024

Cells

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The astrocyte population, around 50% of human brain cells, plays a crucial role in maintaining the overall health and functionality of the central nervous system (CNS). Astrocytes are vital in orchestrating neuronal development by releasing synaptogenic molecules and eliminating excessive synapses. They also modulate neuronal excitability and contribute to CNS homeostasis, promoting neuronal survival by clearance of neurotransmitters, transporting metabolites, and secreting trophic factors. Astrocytes are highly heterogeneous and respond to CNS injuries and diseases through a process known as reactive astrogliosis, which can contribute to both inflammation and its resolution. Recent evidence has revealed remarkable alterations in astrocyte transcriptomes in response to several diseases, identifying at least two distinct phenotypes called A1 or neurotoxic and A2 or neuroprotective astrocytes. However, due to the vast heterogeneity of these cells, it is limited to classify them into only two phenotypes. This review explores the various physiological and pathophysiological roles, potential markers, and pathways that might be activated in different astrocytic phenotypes. Furthermore, we discuss the astrocyte heterogeneity in the main neurodegenerative diseases and identify potential therapeutic strategies. Understanding the underlying mechanisms in the differentiation and imbalance of the astrocytic population will allow the identification of specific biomarkers and timely therapeutic approaches in various neurodegenerative diseases.

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Section: Roles Of Reactive Astrocytes In Neurodegenerative Diseases A...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Neurodegenerative Diseases: Unraveling the Heterogeneity of Astrocytes

Santiago-Balmaseda,

Aguirre-Orozco,

Valenzuela-Arzeta

et al. 2024

Cells

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“…The response comprises a change in astrocyte morphology and viability, and induction of inflammatory mediators, which may be either neurotoxic or neuroprotective. The molecular mechanisms inducing these alterations are not fully elucidated [ 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 ]. Among these different events, cytotoxicity, reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and nitric oxide synthase (NOS) activation are widely regarded to constitute a significant part the phenomenon [ 5 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

S100B Expression Plays a Crucial Role in Cytotoxicity, Reactive Oxygen Species Generation and Nitric Oxide Synthase Activation Induced by Amyloid β-Protein in an Astrocytoma Cell Line

Clementi¹,

Sampaolese²,

Sante

et al. 2023

IJMS

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S100B is an astrocytic cytokine that has been shown to be involved in several neurodegenerative diseases. We used an astrocytoma cell line (U373 MG) silenced for S100B, and stimulated it with amyloid beta-peptide (Aβ) as a known paradigm factor for astrocyte activation, and showed that the ability of the cell (including the gene machinery) to express S100B is a prerequisite for inducing reactive astrocytic features, such as ROS generation, NOS activation and cytotoxicity. Our results showed that control astrocytoma cell line exhibited overexpression of S100B after Aβ treatment, and subsequently cytotoxicity, increased ROS generation and NOS activation. In contrast, cells silenced with S100B were essentially protected, consistently reducing cell death, significantly decreasing oxygen radical generation and nitric oxide synthase activity. The conclusive aim of the present study was to show a causative linkage between the cell expression of S100B and induction of astrocyte activation processes, such as cytotoxicity, ROS and NOS activation.

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“…The average annual incidence rate of MS was 33/100,000, and the incidence and prevalence of MS have increased in both in developed and developing countries ( Browne et al, 2014 ; Oh, Vidal-Jordana & Montalban, 2018 ; Talebi et al, 2021 ). MS usually affects young adults and leads to neurological disability ( Salles et al, 2022 ), resulting in the social and economic burden of the family. It was reported that genetic, environmental, and epigenetic factors involved in the pathological of MS ( Kurtzke, 2013 ; Oh, Vidal-Jordana & Montalban, 2018 ; Thompson et al, 2018 ), however, the ultimate cause of MS is unknown.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of potential functional peptides involved in demyelinating injury in the central nervous system

Dong,

Sun,

et al. 2023

PeerJ

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Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory neurologic disease characterized by the demyelinating injury of the central nervous system (CNS). It was reported that the mutant peptide came from myelin proteolipid protein (PLP) and myelin basic protein (MBP) might play a critical role in immunotherapy function of MS. However, endogenous peptides in demyelinating brain tissue of MS and their role in the pathologic process of MS have not been revealed. Here, we performed peptidomic analysis of freshly isolated corpus callosum (CC) from the brains of CPZ-treated mice and normal diet controls of male C57BL/6 mice by LC-MS/MS. Identified a total of 217 peptides were expressed at different levels in MS mice model compared with controls. By performed GO (Gene Ontology) and KEGG (Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes) analysis, we found that the precursor protein of these differently expressed peptides (DEPs) were associated with myelin sheath and oxidative phosphorylation. Our study is the first brain peptidomic of MS mice model, revealing the distinct features of DEPs in demyelination brain tissue. These DPEs may provide further insight into the pathogenesis and complexity of MS, which would facilitate the discovery of the potential novel and effective strategy for the treatment of MS.

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Functions of astrocytes in multiple sclerosis: A review

Cited by 16 publications

References 33 publications

Neurodegenerative Diseases: Unraveling the Heterogeneity of Astrocytes

Neurodegenerative Diseases: Unraveling the Heterogeneity of Astrocytes

S100B Expression Plays a Crucial Role in Cytotoxicity, Reactive Oxygen Species Generation and Nitric Oxide Synthase Activation Induced by Amyloid β-Protein in an Astrocytoma Cell Line

Identification of potential functional peptides involved in demyelinating injury in the central nervous system

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