Fundamentals in Cardiovascular Imaging Technologies

Abstract

The aim of this paper is to introduce the prominent in vivo cardiovascular imaging modalities such as magnetic resonance imaging, nuclear imaging and ultrasound from both the physical and molecular imaging perspectives. A brief introduction to the molecular imaging principles is also reported. Special emphasis will be given to the imaging parameters of sensitivity and spatial resolution, and the trade-off between spatial resolution, image contrast and target size.

Advances in TEE-Centric Intraprocedural Multimodal Image Guidance for Congenital and Structural Heart Disease

“…The medical image fusion methods of the transform domain are mainly based on the multiscale transform (MST) theory, and they have also been the hotspots of research in recent years. Fusion methods are based on multi-resolution analysis, such as the discrete wavelet transform (DWT) [ 18 , 75 ] and the stationary wavelet transform (SWT) [ 10 ]. The MST-based fusion method is divided into decomposition, fusion, and reconstruction.…”

“…It also discussed the sensitivity and spatial resolution aspects of imaging parameters, the balance between spatial resolution and image contrast, and the dimensions of the target. [ 10 ] 2008 MDCT This review presented essential insights to help comprehend the distinctions among the various MDCT scanners and other features. It elucidated the impact of these factors on parameters such as radiation dose, spatial and temporal resolution, and image noise.…”

“…The diagnosis of SHD usually requires a variety of imaging tests, including electrocardiography [ 6 ], echocardiography [ 7 ], computed tomography (CT) [ 8 ], magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) [ 8 , 9 ], and invasive cardiac catheterization [ 10 , 11 ]. After diagnosis, SHD is increasingly treated via minimally invasive interventional procedures [ 12 ]—e.g., cardiac catheter occlusion or a closure of defects [ 13 ], valve replacement or repair, etc.—under imaging guidance [ 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 ].…”

Developments in Imaging Technologies Related to Hypertensive Cardiovascular Diseases

“…Imaging techniques play an important role in the early discovering of structural and functional markers of cardiovascular disease at cellular and metabolic level [1][2][3]. Imaging techniques play an important role in the early discovering of structural and functional markers of cardiovascular disease at cellular and metabolic level [1][2][3].…”

“…Local vascular endothelial function can be assessed through flow mediated dilation (FMD) [7] and intima-media thickness (IMT) [8] techniques. Both FMD and IMT use imaging techniques such as ultrasonography or high resolution magnetic resonance imaging to determine vascular diameter changes [9]. Global and local indices of cardiovascular disease may be not interchangeable as recently demonstrated in [8].…”