Fungal abundance spike and the Permian–Triassic boundary in the Karoo Supergroup (South Africa)

Steiner, Maureen B.; Eshet, Yoram; Rampino, Michael R.; Schwindt, Dylan M.

doi:10.1016/s0031-0182(03)00230-x

Cited by 106 publications

(75 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Disparate studies have reported abundant fungal remains at the Permian-Triassic boundary in both marine and terrestrial successions (Eshet et al, 1995;Retallack, 1995;Utting and Piasecki, 1995;Visscher et al, 1996;Looy et al, 2001;Steiner et al, 2003; Table 2). However, some workers regard these fossils (Reduviasporonites and its synonyms) as algal affiliates based on morphological and biochemical characteristics (Afonin et al, 2001;Foster et al, 2002).…”

Section: Permian-triassic Eventmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, some workers regard these fossils (Reduviasporonites and its synonyms) as algal affiliates based on morphological and biochemical characteristics (Afonin et al, 2001;Foster et al, 2002). In several places, including Israel and the Karoo Basin, South Africa, the floristic extinction and Reduviasporonites spike are coincident with the top of the Dicynodon Zone, which is marked by the last occurrence of a range of therapsid reptiles (Eshet et al, 1995;Kitching, 1995;Steiner et al, 2003).…”

Section: Permian-triassic Eventmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…5). Whereas the Cretaceous-Palaeogene fungal spike is expressed in only ∼ 5 mm of sediment, the equivalent Reduviasporonites peak typically spans 1-3 m at the P-Tr boundary Steiner et al, 2003). The geochemical signal also indicates rapid vegetation recovery in the earliest Palaeogene as Laevigatosporites spores (Blechnaceae) reappear only 5-10 mm above the boundary at which point iridium values had not yet returned to background levels via settling of atmospheric dust.…”

Section: Summary Of Floristic Trends Across the Massextinction Eventsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Extinction and recovery patterns of the vegetation across the Cretaceous–Palaeogene boundary — a tool for unravelling the causes of the end-Permian mass-extinction

Vajda

McLoughlin

2007

Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology

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High-resolution palynofloral signatures through the Cretaceous-Palaeogene boundary succession show several features in common with the Permian-Triassic transition but there are also important differences. Southern Hemisphere CretaceousPalaeogene successions, to date studied at high resolution only in New Zealand, reveal a diverse palynoflora abruptly replaced by fungi-dominated assemblages that are in turn succeeded by low diversity suites dominated by fern spores, then gymnosperm-and angiosperm-dominated palynofloras of equivalent diversity to those of the Late Cretaceous. This palynofloral signature is interpreted to represent instantaneous (days to months) destruction of diverse forest communities associated with the Chicxulub impact event. The pattern of palynofloral change suggests wholesale collapse of vascular plant communities and short-term proliferation of saprotrophs followed by relatively rapid successional recovery of pteridophyte and seed-plant communities. The Permian-Triassic transition records global devastation of gymnosperm-dominated forests in a short zone synchronous with one or more peaks of the fungal/algal palynomorph Reduviasporonites. This zone is typically succeeded by assemblages rich in lycophyte spores and/or acritarchs. Higher in the succession, these assemblages give way to diverse palynofloras dominated by new groups of gymnosperms. Although different plant families were involved in the mass-extinctions, the general pattern of extinction and recovery is consistent between both events. The major difference is the longer duration for each phase of the Triassic recovery vegetation compared to that of the Paleocene. The protracted extinction-recovery succession at the Permian-Triassic boundary is incompatible with an instantaneous causal mechanism such as an impact of a celestial body but is consistent with hypotheses invoking extended environmental perturbations through flood-basalt volcanism and release of methane from continental shelf sediments.

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Section: Permian-triassic Eventmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Permian-triassic Eventmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Summary Of Floristic Trends Across the Massextinction Eventsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Extinction and recovery patterns of the vegetation across the Cretaceous–Palaeogene boundary — a tool for unravelling the causes of the end-Permian mass-extinction

Vajda

McLoughlin

2007

Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology

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“…The findings include a relatively long time needed for recovery of vegetation (Eshet et al, 1995;Looy et al, 1999;Grauvogel-Stamm and Ash, 2005) and accumulation of large volume of decomposable organic matters and fungal spores, which indicate post-extinction circumstances (Steiner et al, 2003;Vajda and McLoughlin, 2007) as well as bisaccate pollens such as Falcisporites sp. & Alisporites sp.…”

Section: Palynologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Untitled

2017

International Journal of Geography and Geology

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“…In particular, many palynological studies suggested that terrestrial ecosystem was severely devastated for the PTB interval. Terrestrial palynological data indicated decline of conifer pollen abundances 2001) and predominance of fungal remain (Eshet et al, 1995;Visscher et al, 1996;Steiner et al, 2003) for the PTB crisis, as well as increase of bryophyte and herbaceous lycopsid spore abundances during the early Triassic 2001). These data point to preferential dieback of woody vegetation, collapse of forest, and surviving bryophyte-and herbaceous lycopsid-dominant vegetation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Kerogen morphology and geochemistry at the Permian–Triassic transition in the Meishan section, South China: Implication for paleoenvironmental variation

Sawada

Kaiho

Okano

2012

Journal of Asian Earth Sciences

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Abstract:Detailed fluorescent microscopic observations and organic geochemical analyses for insoluble sedimentary organic matter (kerogens) are conducted on the end-Permian to earliest Triassic sediments in the Meishan section A of South China. The main objectives of the present study are to reconstruct variations of marine and terrestrial environments, and to evaluate bulk characteristics of terrestrial input in the palaeo-Tethys ocean for the Permian -Triassic boundary (PTB). Most of kerogens in the Meishan section are mainly composed of marine algae-derived amorphous organic matter, while terrestrial plant-derived amorphous organic matter is remarkably dominant in the mass extinction horizon reported previously. The relative abundances of marine organic matter may vary depending on marine production rather than terrestrial input in the palaeo-Tethys associated with changing terrestrial vegetation. We also identified aromatic furans as major compounds in kerogen pyrolysate of all layers. It is possible that sources of aromatic furans with alkyl group, fungi and lichen, proliferated as disaster biota in terrestrial ecosystem through the PTB. Higher abundances of herbaceous organic matter are observed in the layers above the mass extinction horizon. However, the conifer biomarker retene can be identified in kerogen pyrolysates of all layers. These results imply that the productions of herbaceous plants increased as dominant pioneer biota in early stage of recovery for terrestrial ecosystem after its collapse, but also that woody plant potentially continued to be produced in land area throughout the end-Permian and earliest-Triassic.

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Fungal abundance spike and the Permian–Triassic boundary in the Karoo Supergroup (South Africa)

Cited by 106 publications

References 29 publications

Extinction and recovery patterns of the vegetation across the Cretaceous–Palaeogene boundary — a tool for unravelling the causes of the end-Permian mass-extinction

Extinction and recovery patterns of the vegetation across the Cretaceous–Palaeogene boundary — a tool for unravelling the causes of the end-Permian mass-extinction

Untitled

Kerogen morphology and geochemistry at the Permian–Triassic transition in the Meishan section, South China: Implication for paleoenvironmental variation

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