Further evidence on the nuclear origin and transfer to the cytoplasm of polyadenylic acid sequences in mammalian cell RNA

Jelinek, Warren R.; Adesnik, Milton; Salditt, M.; Sheiness, Diana; Wall, Randolph; Molloy, George R.; Philipson, L; Darnell, James

doi:10.1016/0022-2836(73)90458-0

Cited by 237 publications

(104 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…The gradual decrease in length of the poly(A) sequence which has been demonstrated for HeLa mRNA [33,38] may also occur for globin mRNA. Duck globin mRNA, where the reticulocytes are less mature and it is thought the mRNA is more recently synthesised [6], has a considerably longer poly(A) sequence than rabbit or mouse globin mRNA.…”

Section: Elution From Poly( U)-sepharose With Pormamide Gradientsmentioning

confidence: 78%

The Poly(adenylic acid) Sequence of Mouse Globin Messenger RNA

Mansbridge

Crossley

Lanyon

et al. 1974

European Journal of Biochemistry

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Mouse globin messenger RNA has been degraded by ribonuclease T, to give poly(adeny1ic acid) fragments of two size classes which run electrophoretically with standard RNA molecules approximately 75 and 50 nucleotides long. These contain no internal ribonucleotides other than adenosine and occur at the 3'-end of the mRNA molecule. The probable sequence to the 5'-side of the poly(A) tract is -G-C. Attempts to separate the DL and B mRNA activities by formamide gradient elution from poly(U)-Sepharose were unsuccessful.The evidence is more compatible with a post-transcriptional end-addition mechanism for t,he synthesis of the poly(adeny1ic acid) region of messenger RNA than a transcriptional mechanism.

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Section: Elution From Poly( U)-sepharose With Pormamide Gradientsmentioning

confidence: 78%

The Poly(adenylic acid) Sequence of Mouse Globin Messenger RNA

Mansbridge

Crossley

Lanyon

et al. 1974

European Journal of Biochemistry

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“…For example, after long label times about one-fifth of the hnRNA molecules are thought to become polyadenylaled (4,20) and the average chain size of completed hnRNA in both HeLa cells and CHO cells is 5,000 bases (25)(26)(27). If the "nascent"-labeled RNA in Fig Even after only 1 min of labeling, the ratio of label in poly(A) to label in RNA chains was less than twice that of the later label times, indicating that >1/2 of the chains that would acquire poly(A) had done so in 1 min .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As we suggested for that situation, perhaps the RNA synthetic complex carries with it the capacity to recognize and act on a poly(A) site . If there were poly(A) recognition factors that accompany RNA polymerase II then^-75% of the nuclear transcripts that never become polyadenylated (4,20) are transcribed by a different complex lacking poly(A) recognition capacity or these transcription units lack poly(A) sites. What remains unknown, of course, is whether specific nuclear RNA molecules that do not become polyadenylated in one cell at one stage in differentiation ever become polyadenylated .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Addition of poly(A) to nuclear RNA occurs soon after RNA synthesis.

Salditt-Georgieff¹,

Harpold²,

Sawicki³

et al. 1980

The Journal of Cell Biology

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A kinetic analysis of the appearance of [3H]uridine label in RNA sequences that neighbor poly(A), as well as the incorporation of [3H]adenosine label into both the RNA chain and the poly(A) of poly(A)-containing molecules, shows that poly(A) is added within a minute or so after RNA chain synthesis in Chinese hamster ovary cells and HeLa cells. Previous conclusions by several groups (5-7) that poly(A) might be added as long as 20-30 min after RNA synthesis appear to be in error, and the present conclusion seems much more in line with several different types of recent studies with specific mRNAs that suggest prompt poly(A) addition (13-16).

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“…RNase digestion (pancreatic RNase cuts at C and U residues, while T1 RNase cuts at G) of this mRNA preparation revealed a resistant fraction presumed to be poly(A) (Lim and Canellakis 1970;Edmonds et al 1971;Adesnik et al 1972;Mendecki et al 1972;Birnboim et al 1973). Since long poly(A) tracts were not thought to be DNA-templated (Birnboim et al 1973;Jelinek et al 1973), a poly(A) polymerase was sought and found that was subsequently shown to be responsible for poly(A) tail formation on mRNA (Winters and Edmonds 1973a,b). The function of mRNA poly(A) could only be guessed at in these initial studies.…”

Section: Polyadenylation Signals and 39 Noncoding Rna (Ncrna) Sequencesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ending the message: poly(A) signals then and now

Proudfoot¹

2011

Genes Dev.

528

486

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Polyadenylation [poly(A)] signals (PAS) are a defining feature of eukaryotic protein-coding genes. The central sequence motif AAUAAA was identified in the mid1970s and subsequently shown to require flanking, auxiliary elements for both 39-end cleavage and polyadenylation of premessenger RNA (pre-mRNA) as well as to promote downstream transcriptional termination. More recent genomic analysis has established the generality of the PAS for eukaryotic mRNA. Evidence for the mechanism of mRNA 39-end formation is outlined, as is the way this RNA processing reaction communicates with RNA polymerase II to terminate transcription. The widespread phenomenon of alternative poly(A) site usage and how this interrelates with pre-mRNA splicing is then reviewed. This shows that gene expression can be drastically affected by how the message is ended. A central theme of this review is that while genomic analysis provides generality for the importance of PAS selection, detailed mechanistic understanding still requires the direct analysis of specific genes by genetic and biochemical approaches.

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Further evidence on the nuclear origin and transfer to the cytoplasm of polyadenylic acid sequences in mammalian cell RNA

Cited by 237 publications

References 22 publications

The Poly(adenylic acid) Sequence of Mouse Globin Messenger RNA

The Poly(adenylic acid) Sequence of Mouse Globin Messenger RNA

Addition of poly(A) to nuclear RNA occurs soon after RNA synthesis.

Ending the message: poly(A) signals then and now

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