Further evidence that deltamethrin‐impregnated collars protect domestic dogs from sandfly bites

Abstract

In many foci of zoonotic visceral leishmaniasis (ZVL), domestic dogs are important reservoir hosts of the causative Leishmania parasites transmitted by phlebotomine sandflies (Diptera: Psychodidae). We tested the protective value of impregnated dog collars (20 g plastic containing deltamethrin 800 mg ai) against Phlebotomus papatasi (Scopoli) sandflies in Iran. For each assay, the dog was sedated and caged in a net with 70-100 wild-caught sandflies overnight (23.30-06.30 hours). Dogs wearing the collars were bitten by approximately 80% fewer sandflies than before collars were fitted, i.e. 51% vs. 11% of hungry female flies exposed. Sandfly mortality rates following 20 h exposure to dogs with collars (18%) or without collars (17%) were not significantly different. Effects of collars were tested when dogs had been wearing them for 8 days. A previous trial against the sandfly P. perniciosus Newstead in France, using smaller dogs, showed that effects of such collars were not fully realized until they had been worn for 2 weeks or more; they remained effective for at least 8 months and killed significant proportions of the sandflies exposed. Present results with P. papatasi, confirming that this simple device provides effective protection against sandflies, are considered sufficiently encouraging to justify a community-wide field trial of deltamethrin-impregnated dog collars against ZVL vector sandflies in Iran.

Deltamethrin-impregnated dog collars have a potent anti-feeding and insecticidal effect on Lutzomyia longipalpis and Lutzomyia migonei

“…His study was carried out over 26 weeks. Recently, Halbig et al (2000) reported on a study in Iran using the same deltamethrin collars and wild-caught P. papatasi confined with large guard dogs. They tested the anti-feeding and killing effect before attachment and after the collars had been on the dogs for eight days.…”

Topical Insecticide Treatments to Protect Dogs from Sand Fly Vectors of Leishmaniasis

“…Comparisons of the results of our trial with those of similar studies with DM collars (25)(26)(27) are difficult because of differences in experimental protocols. For example, we used wild-caught Lu.…”

“…Both trials demonstrate that, when collars are used, the effects persist much longer than when dogs are dipped in DM. The potentially wide applicability of DM collars for protecting dogs against sand flies has since been demonstrated by experimental trials with P. papatasi in Iran (27).…”

The Preventive Control of Zoonotic Visceral Leishmaniasis: Efficacy and Economic Evaluation

“…Also, according to Halbig et al [42], the efficacy of the collar is around 80%. Therefore, we considered that a proportion ε c of those dogs using collar is protected.$\begin{array}{c}T19\dot{x_d}\left(t\right)\\ =\mathbf{B}\left(t\right)+\left(u_c+{\zeta }_c\right)x_d^C\left(t\right)+{r_{d}l}_d\left(t\right)+{\gamma }_d{z}_d\left(t\right)\\ -\left({\theta }_d+b_d{a}_d{m}_d{s}_{\mathrm{3}}\left(t\right)\right)x_d\left(t\right)\\ \dot{l_d}\left(t\right)\\ =\left(u_c+{\zeta }_c\right)l_d^C\left(t\right)+b_d{a}_d{m}_d{s}_3\left(t\right)x_d\left(t\right)\end{array}$…”