Further optimization of ITO films at the melting point of Sn and configuration of Ohmic contact at the c-Si/ITO interface

Das, Debajyoti

doi:10.1016/j.apsusc.2019.03.074

Cited by 25 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…The opto-electrical performances of our electrodes are at the-state-of-the-art of this ETC field [26]. With a fairly large merit figure comparable to literature values [23,[27][28][29], such transparent, conductive three-layer electrodes are good candidates for use as indium-free electrode in organic solar cells.…”

Section: Numerical and Experimental Methodssupporting

confidence: 63%

Tailored ZnS/Ag/TiO_x transparent and conductive electrode for organic solar cells

et al. 2019

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Organic photovoltaic cells (OPVCs) attract high interest for solar energy harvesting. They are based on organic thin films sandwiched between two electrodes, one of them being transparent and conductive. Nowadays, ITO remains the most widely used transparent conductive electrode (TCE) because of its excellent optical and electrical properties compared to other TCEs. However, it has some drawbacks such as scarcity of indium, high fabrication cost, and mechanical properties poorly adapted to use as flexible substrates. To keep these performances without indium, several materials can replace ITO such as MoO3, ZnO, ZnS, TiO2,… as dielectric and Ag, Cu,... as metal inside a dielectric/metal/dielectric three-layer structure. A Transfer Matrix Method (TMM) based numerical model is used to predict the optical behavior of the considered electrodes. ZnS/Ag/TiOx electrodes are manufactured by a vacuum electron beam evaporator on glass substrates, then characterized by UV-Visible spectrophotometer for obtaining transmittance and reflectance and by a four-point method for the measurement of sheet resistance. It is found that the simulation and experimental curves are quite similar. The transmittance is measured to be higher than 80% on a wide spectral band that can be tailored by the thickness of the upper dielectric material. The optical window Δλ, for T > 80%, can be tuned in the 400–800 nm spectral band, according to the thickness of TiOx in the 25–50 nm range. This variation allows us to adapt our electrode to organic materials in order to optimize the performance of organic solar cells. The sheet resistance obtained is around to 7 Ω/sq, which gives our electrodes the transparent and conductive character simultaneously. A typical parameter to compare the electrodes is the merit figure, which questions the average optical transmission T av in the visible range and the sheet resistance R sq. By applying this figure to many manufactured electrodes, the obtained optimal structure of our TCEs is demonstrated to be ZnS (40 nm)/Ag (10 nm)/TiOx (30 nm).

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Section: Numerical and Experimental Methodssupporting

confidence: 63%

Tailored ZnS/Ag/TiO_x transparent and conductive electrode for organic solar cells

et al. 2019

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“…An ITO layer was deposited on the Si-NW shells as a transparent conducting oxide (TCO) top layer for better charge collection across the p - i - n heterojunction. The material properties (e.g., transparency, conductivity) of the TCO layer have been optimized earlier . The ITO layer and the finger-grid front and rear metal electrodes make the complete Si-NW array solar cell.…”

Section: Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 57%

“…The freshly prepared chemically etched n -type c-Si-NWs samples were immediately transferred into an RF-PECVD chamber, where the NW surface was cleaned by a rapid in situ H 2 plasma treatment for 3 min. The different layers of the proposed Si-NW HJSCs were grown based on detailed characterization of the material done in our several previous publications and its use in the fabrication of solar cells. − The growth conditions are listed in Table .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The material properties (e.g., transparency, conductivity) of the TCO layer have been optimized earlier. 48 The ITO layer and the fingergrid front and rear metal electrodes make the complete Si-NW array solar cell. The growth sequence of individual layers of the NW array of solar cells is illustrated in the cross-sectional schematic diagram in Figure 8h.…”

Section: Growth Of P-i-nmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Investigating the Ag-assisted Chemical Etching Kinetics in Growing Si-NWs and Fabricating the p-i-n core–shell Heterojunction Si-NW Array Solar Cells

Sarkar,

Das

2023

Energy Fuels

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Involving a single-step, low-cost, Ag-assisted chemical etching process at ambient temperature, vertically aligned uniform silicon nanowire (Si-NW) arrays are produced with various lengths following an identical etching rate. The formation mechanism of Si-NW arrays by the selective etching of bulk c-Si via a continuous reduction–oxidation-dissolution process is proposed, involving the conjoint roles of Ag-NPs and Ag-dendrite structures. Each Ag0 deposit on the Si surface acts like a nanoelectrochemical cell, wherein both the cathode and anode reactions proceed simultaneously. Significantly low reflectance of <1% over a wide spectral range via the inherent light-trapping capabilities makes the Si-NW arrays a unique semiconductor for fabricating solar cells with embedded self-generated antireflection. The multilayer p-type amorphous-Si/intrinsic amorphous-Si/n-type crystalline-Si NW (p-a-Si/i-a-Si/n-c-Si-NW) heterojunction solar cell fabricated in core–shell configuration, with a ∼1.9 μm long NW-arrays core generated via chemical etching of the n-type (100) Si wafer and the shell-layers grown by plasma CVD, delivers the highest PV conversion efficiency of η ∼ 5.64%. A substantial charge recombination loss due to a significant lattice mismatch at the i-a-Si/n-c-Si-NW heterojunction has been minimized further by introducing an intrinsic nanocrystalline-Si (i-nc-Si) layer at the interface. The Si-NW solar cell comprising its p-a-Si/(i-a-Si/i-nc-Si)/n-c-Si-NW modified core–shell structure demonstrates an increased J SC ∼ 29 mA cm–2, improved FF ∼ 50%, and elevated PV conversion efficiency of η ∼ 7.54%, which is significant of its type, following the spirit of the present pursuit of a simple low-temperature solar cell fabrication route.

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“…The scanned area was 900 μm 2 but obtained areas were more than 900 μm 2 which confirmed roughened surface of the samples. The surface areas of samples S2, S3, S5, and S6 are 1417, 1382, 1355, and 1267 μm 2 , respectively which indicate their roughness 26 …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biocompatible implant mimicking cartilage: A new horizon for reconstructive facial field

Biswas¹,

Dey²,

Chakrabarty³

et al. 2020

Artificial Organs

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Cartilage is avascular with limited to no regenerative capacity, so its loss could be a challenge for reconstructive surgery. Current treatment options for damaged cartilage are also limited. In this aspect there is a tremendous need to develop an ideal cartilage‐mimicking biomaterial that could repair maxillofacial defects. Considering this fact in this study we have prepared twelve silicone‐based materials (using Silicone 40, 60, and 80) reinforced with hydroxyapatite, tri‐calcium phosphate, and titanium dioxide which itself has proven their efficacy in several studies and able to complement the shortcomings of using silicones. Among the mechanical properties (Young’s modulus, tensile strength, percent elongation, and hardness), hardness of Silicone‐40 showed similarities with goat ear (P > .05). Silicone peaks have been detected in FTIR. Both AFM morphology and SEM images of the samples confirmed more roughed surfaces. All the materials were nonhemolytic in hemocompatibility tests, but among the twelve materials S2, S3, S5, and S6 showed the least hemolysis. For all tested bacterial strains, adherence was lower on each material than that grown on the plain industrial silicone material which was used as a positive control. S2, S3, S5, and S6 samples were selected as the best based on mechanical characterizations, surface characterizations, in vitro hemocompatibility tests and bacterial adherence activity. So, outcomes of this present study would be promising when developing ideal cartilage‐mimicking biocomposites and their emerging applications to treat maxillofacial defects due to cartilage damage.

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Further optimization of ITO films at the melting point of Sn and configuration of Ohmic contact at the c-Si/ITO interface

Cited by 25 publications

References 52 publications

Tailored ZnS/Ag/TiO_x transparent and conductive electrode for organic solar cells

Tailored ZnS/Ag/TiO_x transparent and conductive electrode for organic solar cells

Investigating the Ag-assisted Chemical Etching Kinetics in Growing Si-NWs and Fabricating the p-i-n core–shell Heterojunction Si-NW Array Solar Cells

Biocompatible implant mimicking cartilage: A new horizon for reconstructive facial field

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Further optimization of ITO films at the melting point of Sn and configuration of Ohmic contact at the c-Si/ITO interface

Cited by 25 publications

References 52 publications

Tailored ZnS/Ag/TiOx transparent and conductive electrode for organic solar cells

Tailored ZnS/Ag/TiOx transparent and conductive electrode for organic solar cells

Investigating the Ag-assisted Chemical Etching Kinetics in Growing Si-NWs and Fabricating the p-i-n core–shell Heterojunction Si-NW Array Solar Cells

Biocompatible implant mimicking cartilage: A new horizon for reconstructive facial field

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Tailored ZnS/Ag/TiO_x transparent and conductive electrode for organic solar cells

Tailored ZnS/Ag/TiO_x transparent and conductive electrode for organic solar cells