Further Studies on Oxalic Acid Biosynthesis in Oxalate-accumulating Plants

Nuss, Richard F.; Loewus, Frank A.

doi:10.1104/pp.61.4.590

Cited by 55 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…The oxalate production pathways the cleavage of isocitrate, hydrolysis of oxaloacetate, glycolate/glyoxylate oxidation, and/or oxidative cleavage of L-ascorbic acid (Hodgkinson, 1977). Of these pathways, the cleavage of ascorbic acid appears to be the most common (Yang & Loewus, 1975;Nuss & Loewus, 1978;Li & Franceschi, 1990;Keates et al, 2000).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oxalate Content of Egyptian Grown Fruits and Vegetables and Daily Common Herbs

Abdel-Moemin¹

2014

JFR

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Egyptian dieticians typically rely on foreign databases to find out oxalate content of food due to unavailability of local databases. The soil, fertilizers, climate and cultivars are often very different. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to establish a local database of oxalate content in Egyptian grown fruits and vegetables and selected daily common herbs. The current study analysed the total and the soluble oxalate in 37 Egyptian grown fruits, vegetables and 9 commonly used herbs. Two methods were used for screening the Egyptian foods for oxalate concentration; the first method was AOAC 1999 and the second was enzymatic method.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oxalate Content of Egyptian Grown Fruits and Vegetables and Daily Common Herbs

Abdel-Moemin¹

2014

JFR

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“…The amount of OA formed and accumulated in different plant species can vary greatly (3,9,10,14). Moderate to high accumulators, such as spinach and rhubarb, may contain 0.2 to 1% OA (on a fresh weight basis), whereas low accumulators, such as barley and tomato, may contain one-tenth this amount.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Soluble OA salts are thought to be contained in vacuoles. In the study presented here, vacuolar deposition of OA formed from AA was tested in barley, a low level OA accumulator in which AA to OA conversion has been reported (9). 70o ethanol.…”

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confidence: 99%

Vacuolar Deposition of Ascorbate-derived Oxalic Acid in Barley

Wagner¹

1981

Plant Physiol.

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L-11-"4ClAscorbic acid was supplied to detached barley seedings to determine the subcellular location of oxalic acid, one of its metabolic products. Intact vacuoles isolated from protoplasts of labeled leaves contained I'4Cloxalic acid which accounted for about 70% of the intraprotoplast soluble oxalic acid. Tracer-labeled oxalate accounted for 36 and 72%of the "C associated with leaf vacuoles of seedlings labeled for 22 and 96 hours, respectively.OA2 is a widely occurring natural product of plants, yet little is known about its metabolism and function (3,10,15). The amount of OA formed and accumulated in different plant species can vary greatly (3,9,10,14). Moderate to high accumulators, such as spinach and rhubarb, may contain 0.2 to 1% OA (on a fresh weight basis), whereas low accumulators, such as barley and tomato, may contain one-tenth this amount. In the very high accumulator Halogeton glomeratus, Ca-OA can account for 30Yo ofthe dry weight ofthe plant (10). Glycolic, glyoxylic, and isocitric acids (8) and oxaloacetic (1) and ascorbic (7, 13) acids are known to donate carbon to OA in plants. The relative significance of these metabolites as precursors of OA has not been established.Ca-OA, in various crystalline forms, often is observed in plant vacuoles (2). It also has been reported to occur in cytoplasm, in cell walls, and in extracellular spaces. However, ultrastructural observations suggest that extracellular Ca-OA originates in vacuoles (see ref. 4 and references therein). Soluble OA salts are thought to be contained in vacuoles. In the study presented here, vacuolar deposition of OA formed from AA was tested in barley, a low level OA accumulator in which AA to OA conversion has been reported (9). MATERIALS AND METHODSSix 13-day-old seedlings of Hordeum vulgare cv. Moore were cut at soil level and recut under water in preparation for labeling. 70o ethanol. To prepare protoplasts, the leaves were sliced into 1-mm strips and the strips were incubated in a sterile solution containing 1% Cellulysin, 0.5% Macerase (both from Calbiochem), and 0.7 M mannitol. Leaves from 24 plants which had not been labeled were similarly treated to provide carrier protoplasts and vacuoles. Tissues were about 75% digested after incubation at 25 C and in room light for 4 h. After removal of undigested materials, labeled-tissue and carrier-tissue digests were combined and protoplasts were recovered by sedimentation at 500g. Protoplasts (0.4 ml) were washed three times with 40 ml 20 mm Mes-KOH (pH 5.5). One-fifth was removed to be used as a protoplast sample before protoplasts were sedimented from the third wash. The remaining four-fifths was used to prepare vacuoles, essentially as previously described for the preparation oftulip leafvacuoles (12). Vacuoles were released in 0.17 M KH2PO4/K2HPO4 (pH 8.0); Kphosphate), and most residual protoplasts and much of the resulting particulate material were sedimented at 500g. The supernatant was made 17% (w/v) with sucrose by addition of 60%o (w/v) sucrose and this solutio...

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“…The major precursors are ascorbate, glycolate, glyoxylate, oxaloacetate and isocitrate [53,[71][72][73][74][75]. Different precursor use by the different parts of a plant remains to be explored.…”

Section: Biosynthesis Of Calcium Oxalatementioning

confidence: 99%

Raphides in Food ? An Unsafe Menu

ChandraBose¹

2015

J Plant Biochem Physiol

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Calcium oxalate in plant bodies lead to stones in kidney, upon consumption. Calcium oxalate is frequently found in plants in the form of tiny needle like raphides. Out of the 5 types of calcium oxalate crystals, raphides are the predominant ones. Calcium oxalate gets incorporated in our body through plant derived food that contains them; a little amount of them is also synthesized in humans endogenously. Both the sources contribute to kidney problems. Occurrence of calcium oxalate is not limited to higher plants only but also extends to algae, fungi and lichens. Out of all the 3 forms of calcium oxalate, monohydrate form is the one widely reported to cause kidney problems. In this study, we review raphides and explore their possible remediation in order to utilize plants of food and medicinal importance the better way. We also review traditional knowledge of raphide neutralization and point to the methods of removal of calcium oxalate and raphides.

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Further Studies on Oxalic Acid Biosynthesis in Oxalate-accumulating Plants

Cited by 55 publications

References 4 publications

Oxalate Content of Egyptian Grown Fruits and Vegetables and Daily Common Herbs

Oxalate Content of Egyptian Grown Fruits and Vegetables and Daily Common Herbs

Vacuolar Deposition of Ascorbate-derived Oxalic Acid in Barley

Raphides in Food ? An Unsafe Menu

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