Fusarium DNA levels as compared to mycotoxin levels in Finnish and Estonian grain samples

Yli-Mattila, Tapani; Rämö, Sari; Tanner, R. D.; Lõiveke, H.; Hietaniemi, Veli

doi:10.2478/v10129-011-0036-8

Cited by 5 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…sporotrichioides contamination in the outer grain layer, which is removed during the de-hulling process before they are used for food [ 54 ]. The results ( Figure 3 ) are in agreement with the previous results of Yli-Mattila et al [ 14 , 32 , 38 ].…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 92%

“…In addition in 20 oat samples of the year 2012 the DON level was estimated by using the RIDA ® QUICK SCAN (R-Biopharm AG, Darmstadt, Germany). In MTT the trichothecenes were extracted and analyzed with GC-MS as described by Hietaniemi et al [ 46 ] and Yli-Mattila et al [ 32 ]. In MTT the grain flour was ground by a mill and passed through a 1 mm sieve in 2012 (2 mm sieve earlier) in order to homogenize it prior to mycotoxin and DNA measurements and to achieve better repeatability.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Grain samples containing different levels of DON and/or T-2 and HT-2 toxins ( Tables S1–S5 ) were selected for the correlation analysis. Total DNA of standards and grain samples was quantified by using a fluorescence-based Qubit fluorometer (Invitrogen, Carlsbad, CA, USA) as described by Yli-Mattila et al [ 32 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In Finland, F. graminearum has already been reported in cereals in 1932 [ 24 ] and in the 1960s [ 25 ], and it has been present since then [ 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 ], while in North-western Russia F. graminearum was found only a few years ago [ 4 , 6 ]; thus the north-western Russian F. graminearum population may have originated from Finland. F. graminearum is also present in Norway, Sweden and Estonia, but not in Lithuania [ 31 , 32 ]. According to Aamot et al [ 33 ] the 15ADON chemotype of F. graminearum has also been found in Norway from recently collected isolates like in the case Denmark ten years earlier.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Molecular Quantification and Genetic Diversity of Toxigenic Fusarium Species in Northern Europe as Compared to Those in Southern Europe

et al. 2013

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Fusarium species produce important mycotoxins, such as deoxynivalenol (DON), nivalenol (NIV) and T-2/HT-2-toxins in cereals. The highest DON and T-2/HT-2 toxin levels in northern Europe have been found in oats. About 12%–24% of Finnish oat samples in 2012 contained >1.75 mg·kg−1 of DON, which belongs to type B trichothecenes. Fusarium graminearum is the most important DON producer in northern Europe and Asia and it has been displacing the closely related F. culmorum in northern Europe. The 3ADON chemotype of F. graminearum is dominant in most northern areas, while the 15ADON chemotype of F. graminearum is predominating in Central and southern Europe. We suggest that the northern population of F. graminearum may be more specialized to oats than the southern population. Only low levels of F. culmorum DNA were found in a few oat samples and no correlation was found between F. culmorum DNA and DON levels. DNA levels of F. graminearum were in all cases in agreement with DON levels in 2011 and 2012, when DON was measured by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). When the RIDA® QUICK SCAN kit results (DON) were compared to DNA levels of F. graminearum, the variation was much higher. The homogenization of the oats flour by grinding oats with 1 mm sieve seems to be connected to this variation. There was a significant correlation between the combined T-2 and HT-2 and the combined DNA levels of F. langsethiae and F. sporotrichioides in Finland in 2010–2012.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Molecular Quantification and Genetic Diversity of Toxigenic Fusarium Species in Northern Europe as Compared to Those in Southern Europe

et al. 2013

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“…causes worldwide disease and grain contamination with mycotoxins (Parikka et al, 2012;Nielsen et al, 2014;Horky et al, 2018). In Northern Europe, the Fusarium head blight (FHB) caused mainly by F. graminearum sensu stricto, F. culmorum, F. poae, F. sporotrichioides, F. langsethiae, F. tricinctum and F. avenaceum, reduces grain quality and the usefulness of grain for food and feed purposes by producing a variety of mycotoxins, of which most common are deoxynivalenol (DON), T-2, HT-2 and nivalenol (NIV) (Yli-Mattila et al, 2011, 2013Hietaniemi et al, 2016). In earlier studies in Estonia it was found that Fusarium spp.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of widely used fungicides does not necessarily affect grain yield, and incidence of Fusarium spp. and mycotoxins DON, HT-2 and T-2 in spring barley in northern climates

Karron

Runno-Paurson

Lõiveke

et al. 2020

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Fungicides are widely used to reduce Fusarium infections and grain contamination by mycotoxins and increase the yield in cereals, but the efficacy of fungicide treatments in varying climates has not been systematically explored. Field experiments with Estonian spring barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) cv. ‘Maali’ were carried out in three successive years 2012–2014 with strongly varying weather conditions to study the effects of three fungicides, Folicur (active ingredient tebuconazole), Falcon Forte (prothioconazole, tebuconazole, spiroxamine) and Archer Top (fenpropidin, propiconazole), on the yield, incidence of Fusarium spp. and on the contamination of grain with mycotoxins DON, HT-2 and T-2. The fungicides were sprayed once a year at spring barley flowering time. The weather conditions during the three years of study were extremely different. The content of cycotoxin DON, HT2 and T2 was low. The spraying with fungicides had not a clear effect on the barley yield and 1 000 kernel weight, and the study year was primarily the main factor that affected barley yield (p<0.05) and 1 000 kernel weight (p<0.05). The impact of year together with fungicide treatment had a significant effect on the incidence of Fusarium spp. (p<0.05) and on the incidence of mycotoxin DON in barley kernels (p<0.001), but did not have a clear effect on the incidence of mycotoxins HT2 and T2.

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Deoxynivalenol and other selected Fusarium toxins in Swedish wheat — Occurrence and correlation to specific Fusarium species

Lindblad

Gidlund

Sulyok

et al. 2013

International Journal of Food Microbiology

127

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Wheat is often infected by Fusarium species producing mycotoxins, which may pose health risks to humans and animals. Deoxynivalenol (DON) is the most important Fusarium toxin in Swedish wheat and has previously been shown to be produced mainly by Fusarium graminearum. However, less is known about the co-occurrence of DON and F. graminearum with other toxins and Fusarium species in Sweden. This study examined the distribution of the most important toxigenic Fusarium species and their toxins in winter wheat (2009 and 2011) and spring wheat (2010 and 2011). DNA from seven species was quantified with qPCR and the toxin levels were quantified with a multitoxin analysis method based on liquid chromatography/electrospray ionisation-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC/ESI-MS/MS). The method enabled detection of many fungal metabolites, including DON, zearalenone (ZEA), nivalenol (NIV), T-2 toxin, HT-2 toxins, moniliformin (MON), beauvericin (BEA), and enniatins (ENNs). It was found that Fusarium poae and Fusarium avenaceum were present in almost all samples. Other common Fusarium species were F. graminearum and F. culmorum, present in more than 70% of samples. Several species occurred at lower DNA levels in 2011 than in other years, but the reverse was true for F. graminearum and Fusarium langsethiae. The most prevalent toxins were ENNs, present in 100% of samples. DON was also common, especially in spring wheat, whereas ZEA and NIV were common in 2009 and in winter wheat, but less common in 2011 and in spring wheat. Only three samples of spring wheat contained T-2 or HT-2 above LOQ. Annual mean levels of several mycotoxins were significantly lower in 2011 than in other years, but the reverse applied for DON. The strongest correlations between mycotoxin and Fusarium DNA levels were found between F. avenaceum and ENNs (r(2) = 0.67) and MON (r(2) = 0.62), and F. graminearum and DON (r(2) = 0.74). These results show that several Fusarium species and toxins co-occur in wheat. The highest toxin levels were detected in spring wheat and DON and ENNs, the latter belonging to the group of so called "emerging toxins", which were the most prevalent toxins and those occurring at the highest levels.

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Fusarium DNA levels as compared to mycotoxin levels in Finnish and Estonian grain samples

Cited by 5 publications

References 6 publications

Molecular Quantification and Genetic Diversity of Toxigenic Fusarium Species in Northern Europe as Compared to Those in Southern Europe

Molecular Quantification and Genetic Diversity of Toxigenic Fusarium Species in Northern Europe as Compared to Those in Southern Europe

Application of widely used fungicides does not necessarily affect grain yield, and incidence of Fusarium spp. and mycotoxins DON, HT-2 and T-2 in spring barley in northern climates

Deoxynivalenol and other selected Fusarium toxins in Swedish wheat — Occurrence and correlation to specific Fusarium species

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