Fusarium infected grain removal efficacy in cleaning wheat grain prior to milling

Vajs, S.; Kramberger, B.; Žerjav, M.; Zemljič, A.; Simončič, A.; Kolmanič, Aleš

doi:10.13080/z-a.2014.101.037

Cited by 7 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…The rejected fractions after the maize cleaning process, which was approximately 7% of the uncleaned maize, contained up to 490 µg/kg AF [ 27 ]. The impact of cleaning and sorting on DON in raw wheat prior to further processing was studied by Lešnik, et al [ 28 ] and Tibola, et al [ 29 ]. In the study of Lešnik, Vajs, Kramberger, Žerjav, Zemljič, Simončič and Kolmanič [ 28 ], wheat was cleaned and sorted at the same time into two classes according to kernel size, 2.0–2.4 mm and >2.4 mm.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The impact of cleaning and sorting on DON in raw wheat prior to further processing was studied by Lešnik, et al [ 28 ] and Tibola, et al [ 29 ]. In the study of Lešnik, Vajs, Kramberger, Žerjav, Zemljič, Simončič and Kolmanič [ 28 ], wheat was cleaned and sorted at the same time into two classes according to kernel size, 2.0–2.4 mm and >2.4 mm. Further, the difference between samples of wheat cultivated with fungicide treatment and wheat without fungicide treatment was investigated in this research.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In wheat kernels >2.4 mm, concentrations of DON decreased by 39.2% in treated wheat and 54.2% in untreated wheat. The more pronounced reduction in the DON concentrations in the second experiment might be caused by a higher portion of highly contaminated foreign material (such as dust), which was removed by the cleaning procedure [ 28 ]. Whereas cleaning and sorting of wheat occurred at the same time in the previous study, these two processes were executed in two steps in the study of Tibola, Fernandes and Guarienti [ 29 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Factors during Production of Cereal-Derived Feed That Influence Mycotoxin Contents

Hoffmans

Schaarschmidt

Fauhl-Hassek

et al. 2022

Toxins

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Mycotoxins are naturally present in cereal-based feed materials; however, due to adverse effects on animal health, their presence in derived animal feed should be minimized. A systematic literature search was conducted to obtain an overview of all factors from harvest onwards influencing the presence and concentration of mycotoxins in cereal-based feeds. The feed production processes covered included the harvest time, post-harvest practices (drying, cleaning, storage), and processing (milling, mixing with mycotoxin binders, extrusion cooking, ensiling). Delayed harvest supports the production of multiple mycotoxins. The way feed materials are dried after harvest influences the concentration of mycotoxins therein. Applying fungicides on the feed materials after harvest as well as cleaning and sorting can lower the concentration of mycotoxins. During milling, mycotoxins might be redistributed in cereal feed materials and fractions thereof. It is important to know which parts of the cereals are used for feed production and whether or not mycotoxins predominantly accumulate in these fractions. For feed production, mostly the milling fractions with outer parts of cereals, such as bran and shorts, are used, in which mycotoxins concentrate during processing. Wet-milling of grains can lower the mycotoxin content in these parts of the grain. However, this is typically accompanied by translocation of mycotoxins to the liquid fractions, which might be added to by-products used as feed. Mycotoxin binders can be added during mixing of feed materials. Although binders do not remove mycotoxins from the feed, the mycotoxins become less bioavailable to the animal and, in the case of food-producing animals, to the consumer, lowering the adverse effects of mycotoxins. The effect of extruding cereal feed materials is dependent on several factors, but in principle, mycotoxin contents are decreased after extrusion cooking. The results on ensiling are not uniform; however, most of the data show that mycotoxin production is supported during ensiling when oxygen can enter this process. Overall, the results of the literature review suggest that factors preventing mycotoxin production have greater impact than factors lowering the mycotoxin contents already present in feed materials.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Factors during Production of Cereal-Derived Feed That Influence Mycotoxin Contents

Hoffmans

Schaarschmidt

Fauhl-Hassek

et al. 2022

Toxins

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“…Fusarium head blight tolerant cultivars may contain a high proportion of grain which is apparently healthy, but contain excessive DON levels. Such tolerant cultivars may present a potential health hazard of whole -grain flour (Lešnik et al, 2014).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fusarium mycotoxin contamination and co-occurrence in Slovak winter wheat grains

Lacko-Bartošová

Remža

Lacko-Bartošová

2017

Zemdirbyste-Agriculture

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The contamination of unprocessed winter wheat grain by mycotoxins was detected on the territory of the Slovak Republic with the focus on primary producers, after the harvest in 2009-2010, 2010-2011 and 2011-2012 growing periods. Mycotoxin levels were determined by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) methods. Deoxynivalenol (DON) was the most common Fusarium toxin, detected in 85% of samples, 2% of samples exceeded the maximum level set by Regulation (EC) 1881/2006. Nivalenol (NIV) was detected in 63% of samples, T-2 toxin -in 73% and HT-2 toxin -in 79%. The mean concentration of DON was 368.4 µg kg -1 , for NIV -34.8 µg kg -1 , for T-2 toxin -38.2 µg kg -1 and for HT-2 toxin -29.9 µg kg -1 . Co-occurrence of DON with NIV was detected in 15.5% of positive samples and their co-occurrence with other mycotoxins represented additional 7.35%. Cooccurrence of DON with zearalenone (ZEA) was detected in 25.9% of positive samples. To prevent the occurrence of mycotoxins at levels considered harmful to human health, a number of measures are needed at different levels, from good agricultural practices, breeding for resistance, to adequate legislation, methods and programs for food control that influence food security.

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“…Current technologies include optical sorters and gravity tables. However, these technologies require extensive set-up to maximise grain recovery, and results are variable (Delwiche et al, 2005;Lešnik et al, 2014). High-speed optical sorters, especially bichromatic sorters, are effective at removing Fusarium damaged kernels; when properly set-up, Fusarium damaged kernel removal is approximately 50% (Delwiche, 2008;Delwiche et al, 2005).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sorting capability and grain recovery of deoxynivalenol contaminated wheat is affected by calibration and vitreous kernel settings from near-infrared transmittance technology

Taylor

Newkirk

2022

WMJ

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Deoxynivalenol (DON) is a toxic secondary metabolite in wheat which affects animal performance. Limited post-harvest sorting technologies are available to remove infected kernels thereby allowing safe use in livestock. A technology was developed which uses near-infrared spectrometry combined with a seed singulation sorter by BoMill AB (Sweden) which is purported by the manufacturer to remove Fusarium infected grain. The objective of this study was to determine if Fusarium infected grain could be removed using the BoMill equipped with the Fusarium calibration resulting in grain with less than 5,000 μg/kg DON, and therefore legal to feed to poultry and beef in Canada. The secondary objective was to determine the optimal HVK settings within the two calibrations to determine if sorting based on Fusarium damage is more effective than sorting based on protein content. The settings tested were HVK, HHVK, and HHHVK. The HVK settings are reported by the manufacturer to be related to the relative opacity from the starch granules. Using the HHVK setting in the Fusarium calibration resulted in highest recovery (50.3% vs HVK 40.8% and HHHVK 45.1%) and intermediate levels of DON (1,800 μg/kg vs HVK 1,600 μg/kg and HHHVK 2,400 μg/kg), and intermediate rejection rates (29.0% vs HVK 38.7% and HHHVK 22.7%). When using the protein calibration with HHVK setting, the recoveries were similar to the Fusarium calibration (51%), the rejection rates were lower (17.5%), but DON concentration was higher (2,900 μg/kg). Sorting of pooled samples was effective, however additional sieving was required to separate grain of like sizes for optimal function. BoMill sorting using the Fusarium calibration and HHVK setting will effectively sort high DON wheat. The Fusarium calibration was superior to the protein calibration as it resulted in similar recovery but lower DON concentrations.

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Fusarium infected grain removal efficacy in cleaning wheat grain prior to milling

Cited by 7 publications

References 19 publications

Factors during Production of Cereal-Derived Feed That Influence Mycotoxin Contents

Factors during Production of Cereal-Derived Feed That Influence Mycotoxin Contents

Fusarium mycotoxin contamination and co-occurrence in Slovak winter wheat grains

Sorting capability and grain recovery of deoxynivalenol contaminated wheat is affected by calibration and vitreous kernel settings from near-infrared transmittance technology

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