Fusarium: Mycotoxins, Taxonomy, Pathogenicity

Stępień, Łukasz

doi:10.3390/microorganisms8091404

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Fumonisins are synthesised with great predominance by Fusarium spp. ( Beccari et al, 2020 ; Stępieñ, 2020 ). A. niger is able to form mainly fumonisin B2 (FB2), especially on the cultivation media RC (reinforced clostridial agar), CYA (Czapek yeast extract agar) and YES (yeast extract sucrose medium), while usually not on the vast majority of plant-based media, such as MEA (malt extract agar base w/mycological peptone), OA (oat agar), or PDA (potato-dextrose agar).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aspergillus niger Environmental Isolates and Their Specific Diversity Through Metabolite Profiling

et al. 2021

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We present a biological profile of 16 Aspergillus niger environmental isolates from different types of soils and solid substrates across a pH range, from an ultra-acidic (<3.5) to a very strongly alkaline (>9.0) environment. The soils and solid substrates also differ in varying degrees of anthropic pollution, which in most cases is caused by several centuries of mining activity at old mining sites, sludge beds, ore deposits, stream sediments, and coal dust. The values of toxic elements (As, Sb, Zn, Cu, Pb) very often exceed the limit values. The isolates possess different macro- and micromorphological features. All the identifications of Aspergillus niger isolates were confirmed by molecular PCR analysis and their similarity was expressed by RAMP analysis. The biochemical profile of isolates based on FF-MicroPlate tests from the Biolog system showed identical biochemical reactions in 50 tests, while in 46 tests the utilisation reactions differed. The highest similarity of strains isolated from substrates with the same pH, as well as the most suitable biochemical tests for analysis of the phenotypic similarity of isolated strains, were confirmed when evaluating the biochemical profile using multicriterial analysis in the Canoco program. The isolates were screened for mycotoxin production by thin-layer chromatography (TLC), as well. Two of them were able to synthesise ochratoxin A, while none produced fumonisins under experimental conditions. Presence of toxic compounds in contaminated sites may affect environmental microscopic fungi and cause the genome alteration, which may result in changes of their physiology, including the production of different (secondary) metabolites, such as mycotoxins.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aspergillus niger Environmental Isolates and Their Specific Diversity Through Metabolite Profiling

et al. 2021

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“…Fusarium mycotoxins are primarily produced by F. proliferatum and F. verticillioides and FB1 and FB2 appeared to be the most predominant among fumonisins [ 54 ]. FB1 and FB2 were detected in almost all samples included in this calibration; FB6 and FBA2, on the contrary, showed low incidences in our data.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Preliminary Study to Classify Corn Silage for High or Low Mycotoxin Contamination by Using near Infrared Spectroscopy

Ghilardelli

Barbato

Gallo

2022

Toxins

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Mycotoxins should be monitored in order to properly evaluate corn silage safety quality. In the present study, corn silage samples (n = 115) were collected in a survey, characterized for concentrations of mycotoxins, and scanned by a NIR spectrometer. Random Forest classification models for NIR calibration were developed by applying different cut-offs to classify samples for concentration (i.e., μg/kg dry matter) or count (i.e., n) of (i) total detectable mycotoxins; (ii) regulated and emerging Fusarium toxins; (iii) emerging Fusarium toxins; (iv) Fumonisins and their metabolites; and (v) Penicillium toxins. An over- and under-sampling re-balancing technique was applied and performed 100 times. The best predictive model for total sum and count (i.e., accuracy mean ± standard deviation) was obtained by applying cut-offs of 10,000 µg/kg DM (i.e., 96.0 ± 2.7%) or 34 (i.e., 97.1 ± 1.8%), respectively. Regulated and emerging Fusarium mycotoxins achieved accuracies slightly less than 90%. For the Penicillium mycotoxin contamination category, an accuracy of 95.1 ± 2.8% was obtained by using a cut-off limit of 350 µg/kg DM as a total sum or 98.6 ± 1.3% for a cut-off limit of five as mycotoxin count. In conclusion, this work was a preliminary study to discriminate corn silage for high or low mycotoxin contamination by using NIR spectroscopy.

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“…One mode necessitates that the plants and living plant tissues cooperate. Within the invaded plant tissues, the pathogen produces penetration structures and a network of flagella [47]. This mass of cell wall structures generated in the plant's intercellular gaps extracts nutrients from the plant.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Combined Application of Salicylic Acid and Proline on the Defense Response of Potato Tubers to Newly Emerging Soft Rot Bacteria (Lelliottia amnigena) Infection

et al. 2022

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Potato soft rot, caused by the pathogenic bacterium Lelliottia amnigena (Enterobacter amnigenus), is a serious and widespread disease affecting global potato production. Both salicylic acid (SA) and proline (Pro) play important roles in enhancing potato tuber resistance to soft rot. However, the combined effects of SA and Pro on defense responses of potato tubers to L. amnigena infection remain unknown. Hence, the combined effects of SA and Pro in controlling newly emerging potato soft rot bacteria were investigated. Sterilized healthy potato tubers were pretreated with 1.5 mM SA and 2.0 mM Pro 24 h before an inoculation of 0.3 mL of L. amnigena suspension (3.69 × 107 CFU mL−1). Rotting was noticed on the surfaces of the hole where the L. amnigena suspension was inoculated. Application of SA and Pro with L. amnigena lowered the activity of pectinase, protease, pectin lyase, and cellulase by 64.3, 77.8, 66.4 and 84.1%, and decreased malondialdehyde and hydrogen peroxide contents by 77.2% and 83.8%, respectively, compared to the control. The activities of NADPH oxidase, superoxide dismutase, peroxide, catalase, polyphenol oxidase, phenylalanine ammonia-lyase, cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase, 4-coumaryl-CoA ligase and cinnamate-4-hydroxylase were increased in the potato tubers with combined treatments by 91.4, 92.4, 91.8, 93.5, 94.9, 91.3, 96.2, 94.7 and 97.7%, respectively, compared to untreated stressed tubers. Six defense-related genes, pathogenesis-related protein, tyrosine-protein kinase, Chitinase-like protein, phenylalanine ammonia-lyase, pathogenesis-related homeodomain protein, and serine protease inhibitor, were induced in SA + Pro treatment when compared with individual application of SA or Pro. This study indicates that the combined treatment of 1.5 mM SA and 2.0 mM Pro had a synergistic effect in controlling potato soft rot caused by a newly emerging bacterium.

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Fusarium: Mycotoxins, Taxonomy, Pathogenicity

Abstract: It has been over 200 years since Fusarium pathogens were described for the first time, and they are still in the spotlight of researchers worldwide, mostly due to their mycotoxigenic abilities and subsequent introduction of harmful metabolites into the food chain [...]

Cited by 5 publications

References 14 publications

Aspergillus niger Environmental Isolates and Their Specific Diversity Through Metabolite Profiling

Aspergillus niger Environmental Isolates and Their Specific Diversity Through Metabolite Profiling

A Preliminary Study to Classify Corn Silage for High or Low Mycotoxin Contamination by Using near Infrared Spectroscopy

Effects of Combined Application of Salicylic Acid and Proline on the Defense Response of Potato Tubers to Newly Emerging Soft Rot Bacteria (Lelliottia amnigena) Infection

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