Future Changes in Thermal Bioclimate Conditions over West Bengal, India, Based on a Climate Model

Abstract

Changes in extreme human bioclimate conditions are accepted evidence for and serve as a broad measure of anthropogenic climate change. The essential objective of the current study was to investigate past and future thermal bioclimate conditions across West Bengal (WB), India. The daily physiologically equivalent temperature (PET) was calculated by considering definite climate variables as inputs. These meteorological variables were captured from the Coordinated Regional Downscaling Experiment (CORDEX)-South Asia. The initial results from this research work present the mean monthly distribution of each PET class over the considered stations of WB during the period (1986–2005) and three future time periods: (i) near future (2016–2035), (ii) mid-future (2046–2065), and (iii) far future (2080–2099). It was observed that the months from April to June comprise heat stress months in terms of human thermal perception, whereas thermally acceptable conditions begin in November and continue until March for most stations. Results from future PET changes over WB in the context of the reference period (1986–2005) reveal a prominent increase in warm and hot PETs for all future time periods in two different greenhouse gas emission scenarios. During the far-future time period, stations within a kilometer of the Bay of Bengal such as Digha, Diamond Harbour, Canning, and Baruipur account for the highest percentage in the warm PET class (35.7–43.8 °C) in high-end emission scenarios. Simultaneously, during the period from 2080 to 2099, Kolkata, Dum Dum, Kharagpur, and Siliguri will experience a PET greater than 43.8 °C for close to 10% of the days in the year and more than 10% in Sriniketan, Malda, Asansol, and Birbhum. During the far-future period, a negative change in the very cool PET class (<3.3 °C) indicating a decrease in cold days was the largest for Darjeeling.

Climate projections of human thermal comfort for indoor workplaces

“…To date, human biometeorological studies calculating thermal comfort indices for future climate projections generally consider outdoor conditions only (Matzarakis and Amelung 2008 ; Matzarakis and Endler 2010 ; Cheung and Hart 2014 ; Wallenberg et al 2023 ; Bal and Kirchner 2023 ; Çağlak et al 2023 ). Climate projections enable the modeling of PET changes in the future for certain locations (Matzarakis and Endler 2010 ) or worldwide (Matzarakis and Amelung 2008 ).…”

High-resolution projections of outdoor thermal stress in the 21st century: a Tasmanian case study

“…Projections of thermal stress informed by radiation at hourly time scales have been performed, but often at very coarse spatial scale (e.g., kilometre grid cell size) (Paranunzio et al, 2021;Brecht et al, 2020;Katavoutas et al, 2022;Bal and Kirchner, 2023). While these methods are robust at their scale, they cannot account for the variations in thermal stress driven by fine-scale objects, such as building and vegetation shade, given that conditions can change from safe to dangerous at metre scale (Weeding et al, 2023).…”