Future changes of the extreme high‐temperature events influenced by foehn winds in Niigata, Japan

Nishi, Akifumi; Kusaka, Hiroyuki

doi:10.1002/asl.1137

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…Mizuta et al (2017) and Fujita et al (2019) have reported detailed experimental settings. Many previous studies have used d4PDF to reveal future projections of typhoons (Yoshida et al, 2017), heavy rain (Kitoh & Endo, 2019;Osakada & Nakakita, 2018), heavy snowfall (Kawase et al, 2016(Kawase et al, , 2020, and extremely high temperature (Ito et al, 2022;Nishi & Kusaka, 2022) in Japan.…”

Section: Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

Future projections of wet snow accretion and snowfall in Kanto Plain, Japan, using a large ensemble climate simulation

Asano,

Kusaka,

Inatsu

2023

Meteorological Applications

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Snowfall and wet snow accretion in the Kanto Plain, including the Tokyo Metropolitan Area, significantly impact the lives of people there. This study used a large ensemble simulation to predict future changes in the frequency of snowfall and wet snow accretion, and the accumulated snowfall and wet snow accretion during an event. We assessed wet snow accretion using a model that considers the effects of temperature, precipitation, wind speed, and humidity. The future snowfall event frequency and accumulated snowfall were predicted to decrease by 0.73 year−1 (61%) and 0.69 mm (11%), respectively, under +2‐K future climate projections from those under the present climate. 87% and 13% reduction in future snowfall events was due to increasing temperature and reduced frequency of extratropical cyclone passages, respectively. Moreover, the future frequency of wet snow accretion events and accumulated wet snow accretion are predicted to decrease by 0.84 year−1 (90%) and 0.73 kg m−1 (29%), respectively, from those in the present. 91% and 9% reduction in future wet snow accretion events was due to increasing temperature and reduced frequency of extratropical cyclone passages, respectively. Snowfall and wet snow accretion risk are predicted to decline under the +2‐K future climate projections from those under the current climate. The risk can decrease more significantly in the coastal areas than in the inland areas. We hope that the information provided in this study will help policymakers of local governments in the Kanto Plain to implement appropriate measures against future snowfall and wet snow accretion.

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Section: Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

Future projections of wet snow accretion and snowfall in Kanto Plain, Japan, using a large ensemble climate simulation

Asano,

Kusaka,

Inatsu

2023

Meteorological Applications

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“…FW usually occurs on the lee slope of mountain ranges, which experiences a localized form of air movement caused by a mountainous region [1]. FW occurs in many mountainous areas around the world, such as the Alps in Europe, the Rockies in America, and the Taihang Mountains in China [2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14]. It often poses a threat to local people's safety, the infrastructure, transportation, agricultural production, etc.…”

Section: Introduction 1foehn Wind (Fw)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Characteristics of Foehn Wind in Urumqi, China, and Their Relationship with EI Niño and Extreme Heat Events in the Last 15 Years

Ayitikan,

Li,

Musha

et al. 2024

Climate

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Dry and hot Foehn wind weather often occurs in Urumqi, China, due to its canyon terrain. This directly impacts the lives and health of local people. Using surface meteorological variables (including the hourly wind, temperature, humidity, and pressure) measured in situ at the Urumqi Meteorological Station and ERA5 reanalysis from the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts in the past 15 years (2008–2022), the characteristics of Foehn wind and their relationship with EI Niño and extreme high-temperature events in Urumqi are analyzed. The results show that the annual distributions of Foehn wind present a fluctuating pattern, and the highest frequency occurred in 2015. Compared to the summer (July) and winter (February) seasons, Foehn wind occurs most frequently in spring (March, April, May) and autumn (September, October, and November). Daily variations in Foehn wind occur most frequently from 9:00 a.m. to 14:00 p.m. In particular, high levels are found at 10:00 a.m. and 11:00 a.m. in April and May. In 2011, 2012, and 2014, the average wind speed of FW exceeded 6 m/s, and the lowest average wind speed was 3.8 m/s in 2021. The temperature and relative humidity changes (ΔT and ΔRH) caused by Foehn wind are the most significant in winter and when Foehn wind begins to occur. The high-temperature hours related to Foehn wind weather in Urumqi represented 25% of the total in the past 15 years. During the EI Niño period, the amount of Foehn wind in Urumqi significantly increased; The correlation coefficient beteewn slide anomaly of Foehn days and the Oceanic Niño Index is as high as 0.71. Specifically, Foehn wind activity aggravates extreme high-temperature events. This study provides indications for Foehn wind weather forecasting in Urumqi.

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“…Foehn wind is a type of downhill wind with high temperatures and low humidity and often occurs on the lee slope of mountain ranges due to the terrain forcing when airflow passes through a valley or mountain pass [1]. Foehn is very strong, seriously affecting the local weather and climate [2][3][4], as well as the local people's daily lives, transportation, agriculture, air quality, etc. In addition, the hot and dry foehn can also influence people's physical and mental health, which has attracted widespread attention [5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characteristics and Establishment of Objective Identification Criteria and Predictors for Foehn Winds in Urumqi, China

Ayitikan,

Li,

et al. 2023

Atmosphere

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The special terrain of Urumqi (in the valley area) often triggers strong foehn winds, causing huge losses to local people’s lives and social economies. By using the surface observation data of the hourly temperature, pressure, humidity, and wind from the downwind Urumqi Meteorological Station and the upwind Dabancheng Meteorological Station in the Middle Tianshan Canyon and the NCEP/NCAR reanalysis data during 2008–2022, this paper establishes the dataset of foehn processes at Urumqi Station in the past 15 years and analyzes the variation rules of the associated meteorological variables during the foehn processes. In addition, based on the physical mechanism of the occurrence of foehn, a three-element identification criterion (i.e., 94° ≤ 2 min average wind direction ≤ 168°, 2 min average wind speed ≥ 2.0 m/s, and Δθ between Urumqi station and Dabancheng station ≥ 0.29 K) for foehn in Urumqi is established by comparing and analyzing the variations of wind direction (WD), wind speed (WS), and the potential temperature difference (Δθ) between the two weather stations during the periods of foehn and non-foehn winds from 2013 to 2022. In addition, the performance of the three-element identification criterion is verified, and the results suggest that this criterion has an accuracy of 82.96% and a hit rate of 89.50% for the 2008–2012 foehn events in Urumqi. Moreover, the hit rate of this criterion for foehn wind of gale or above level (i.e., a 2 min wind ≥ 10.8 m/s on average) is 100%. In addition, combined with two predictors of sea-level pressure difference (ΔP) and Δθ between downwind stations and upwind stations, the foehn forecast can be more accurate than that provided by a single predictor. With ΔP ≤ −12 hPa and Δθ ≥ 5 K, the chances for foehn to occur are over 90%. This finding would have some reference and application values for the foehn forecasting.

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Future changes of the extreme high‐temperature events influenced by foehn winds in Niigata, Japan

Cited by 5 publications

References 34 publications

Future projections of wet snow accretion and snowfall in Kanto Plain, Japan, using a large ensemble climate simulation

Future projections of wet snow accretion and snowfall in Kanto Plain, Japan, using a large ensemble climate simulation

Characteristics of Foehn Wind in Urumqi, China, and Their Relationship with EI Niño and Extreme Heat Events in the Last 15 Years

Characteristics and Establishment of Objective Identification Criteria and Predictors for Foehn Winds in Urumqi, China

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