Future Directions in Epidemiologic Studies of 1,3-Butadiene-Exposed Workers

Acquavella, John F.

doi:10.2307/3430944

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 7 publications

(8 reference statements)

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“…No other details of the case-referent study were reported, although Acquavella (15) has indicated that there was no validation of the death certificate diagnoses, and the exposure classification did not make use of available industrial hygiene monitoring data, nor did it consider differences in exposure potential across the eight plants. Additional research is being done on this cohort to address these criticisms (15).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mortality among workers engaged in the development or manufacture of styrene-based products--an update.

Bond¹,

Bodner²,

Olsen³

et al. 1992

Scand J Work Environ Health

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BOND GG, BODNER KM, OLSEN GW, COOK RR. Mortalit y among wor kers engaged in the development or manufactu re of styrene-based produ cts -an update . Scand J Work Environ Health 1992; 18:145-54. Mortality was updated another 11 years through 1986 for a pr eviously studied cohort of 2904 male chemical workers who were potent ially exposed to styrene and related materials for a year or more between 1937 and 1971. Substantial deficits in mortality from all causes and total cancer were observed in the cohort when it was compared with white males in the United States, and also other chemical worker s who were unexposed to styrene-based products. Mortality from leukemia was slightly less than expected during the updated period , in contrast to an excess of lymphatic leukemia observed in the original period. Yet small elevations in risk of other types of lymphatic cancer, particularly multiple myeloma, persisted. The risk of these cancers did not increase with estimated inten sity or duration of styrene exposure. The findings are discussed in context with those of studies of similarly exposed workers in related industries.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mortality among workers engaged in the development or manufacture of styrene-based products--an update.

Bond¹,

Bodner²,

Olsen³

et al. 1992

Scand J Work Environ Health

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“…Probably the most efficient approach to achieving this goal will be to create job-exposure matrices in alreadyestablished cohorts and then to undertake nested casecontrol studies (24). Also, additional toxicologic studies will be required to better delineate the mechanisms of carcinogenicity of 1,3-butadiene (2,16).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Criticism has been leveled against the apparent consistency of these epidemiologic findings on the ground that different subtypes of lymphatic and hematopoietic neoplasms were seen in the different studies (8,9,15,16). However, it is important to realize that the diagnostic categories in this area are imprecise and overlapping (17).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Critical assessment of epidemiologic studies on the human carcinogenicity of 1,3-butadiene.

Landrigan

1990

Environ Health Perspect

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,3-Butadiene, a major ingredient of synthetic rubber, has been shown to be carcinogenic in two animal species. To assess the possible human carcinogenicity of 1,3-butadiene, a critical review was undertaken of the epidemiologic literature.An early retrospective study of 8017 males employed in tire manufacturing found excess mortality for lymphatic and hematopoietic neoplasms in production workers (standardized mortality ratio, SMR = 560); these workers were exposed to 1,3-butadiene as well as to styrene and possibly to benzene. A recently updated epidemiologic study of 2568 workers at a butadiene manufacturing plant in Texas reported low mortality overall (SMR = 84) but found excess deaths for lymphosarcoma and reticulum cell sarcoma (SMR = 229). A retrospective study of workers employed at two synthetic rubber plants in Texas found excess mortality for lymphatic and hematopoietic malignancies in the older of these facilities; the excesses for lymphosarcoma (SMR = 224) and leukemia (SMR = 278) were most significant in wartime workers. A large, recently updated retrospective study of 12,113 workers employed in eight synthetic rubber manufacturing plants in the United States and Canada found excess mortality for lymphatic and hematopoietic cancer in production workers; the SMR for other lymphatic cancers in white production workers was 230, and the SMR for all lymphatic malignancies in black production workers was 507.These updated epidemiologic results strongly suggest an etiologic association between occupational exposure to 1,3-butadiene and human cancer. It is reasonable, therefore, to conclude that there now exists at least limited evidence for the human carcinogenicity of 1,3-butadiene.

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“…Because the epidemiology studies lacked quantitative exposure data, some have considered duration of employment within broad work job classifications to be an indication of human exposure (46,47). This relationship is probably not valid for the 1,3-butadiene or styrene-butadiene rubber production industries because there have been large variabilities in exposures associated with specific tasks, especially during the rapid growth of the synthetic rubber industry during World War II, and because process changes in the production of 1,3-butadiene and in the production ofstyrene-butadiene rubber probably affected workplace exposures over the past 50 years.…”

Section: Epidemiology Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Carcinogenicity of 1,3-Butadiene

Melnick¹,

Shackelford²,

Huff³

1993

Environmental Health Perspectives

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3-Butadiene, a high-production volume chemical used largely in the manufacture of synthetic rubber, is a multiple organ carcinogen in rats and mice. In inhalation studies conducted in mice by the National Toxicology Progran, high rates ofearly lethal lymphomas occurring at exposure levels of625 ppm or higher reduced the development and expression of later developng htumo at other sites. Use of survival-adjusted tumor rates to account for competing risk fators provided a clearer indication ofthe dose responses for 1,3-butadiene-nduced neoplasms. An increase in lung tumon in female mice was observed at exposure concentrations as low as 625 ppm, the lowest concentration ever used in a long-termcarcinogenicity study of this gas. Human exposures to 1,3-butadiene by workers employed at facilities that produce this chemical and at facilities that produce styrene-butadiene rubber have been measured at levels higher than those that cause cancer in animals. Furthermore, epidemiology studies have consistently revealed associations between occupational exposure to 1,3-butadiene and excess mortality due to lymphatic and hematopoietic cancers. In response to the carcinogenicity findings for 1,3-butadiene in animalsand in humans, the Occupational Safety and Health Administation has proposed lnoering the occupational exposure standard for this chemical from 1000 ppm to 2 ppm. Future work is needed to understand the mechanisms oftumor induction by 1,3-butadiene; however, the pursuit of this research should not delay the reduction of human exposure to this chemical.

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Future Directions in Epidemiologic Studies of 1,3-Butadiene-Exposed Workers

Cited by 5 publications

References 7 publications

Mortality among workers engaged in the development or manufacture of styrene-based products--an update.

Mortality among workers engaged in the development or manufacture of styrene-based products--an update.

Critical assessment of epidemiologic studies on the human carcinogenicity of 1,3-butadiene.

Carcinogenicity of 1,3-Butadiene

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