Future options for cultivated Nordic peat soils: Can land management and rewetting control greenhouse gas emissions?

Kløve, Bjørn; Berglund, Kerstin; Berglund, Örjan; Weldon, Simon; Maljanen, Marja

doi:10.1016/j.envsci.2016.12.017

Cited by 62 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…Instead, this intervention would probably be implemented between summer crops, possibly over quite short fallow periods. The relative efficacy of flooding as a GHG mitigation strategy may be enhanced by additional impacts such as weed growth even during relatively short fallow periods; which could further reduce net GWP through elevated net primary productivity and plant removal of NO -(e.g., Kløve et al, 2017). Conversely, both the presence of weeds and labile organic matter input from postharvest crop residues could result in substantial emissions of N 2 O and CH 4 (Le Mer and Roger, 2001).…”

Section: Effect Of Water Table Manipulation On Ghg Emissionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Efficacy of mitigation measures for reducing greenhouse gas emissions from intensively cultivated peatlands

Taft

Cross

Jones

2018

Soil Biology and Biochemistry

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Drained and cultivated fen peats represent some of the world's most productive soils, however, they are susceptible to degradation and typically exhibit high rates of greenhouse gas (GHG) emission. We hypothesised that GHG losses from these soils could be reduced by manipulating water table depth, tillage regime, crop residue application or horticultural fleece cover. Using intact soil columns from a horticultural peatland, emissions of CO 2 , N 2 O and CH 4 were monitored over a six-month period, using a closed-chamber method. Concurrent measurements of soil properties allowed identification of the key controls on GHG emissions. Raising the water table to the soil surface provided the strongest reduction in global warming potential (GWP 100 ; 26 ± 6 kg CO 2-e ha-1 d-1), compared to a free-draining control (81 ± 1 kg CO 2-e ha-1 d-1), but this effect was partially negated by an emission pulse when the water table was subsequently lowered. The highest emissions occurred when the water table was maintained 15 cm below the surface (172 ± 12 kg CO 2-e ha-1 d-1), as this stimulated N 2 O loss. Placement of horticultural fleece over the soil surface during spring had no significant effect on GWP 100 , but prolonged fleece application exacerbated GHG emissions. Leaving lettuce crop residues on the surface increased soil GWP 100 (106 ± 4 kg CO 2-e ha-1 d-1) in comparison to when residues were incorporated into the soil (85 ± 4 kg CO 2-e ha-1 d-1), however, there was no evidence that this promoted positive priming of native soil organic matter (SOM). For maximum abatement potential, mitigation measures should be applied during the growing season, when GHG emissions are greatest. Our results also suggest that introduction of zeroor minimum-till practices may not reduce GHG emissions. Maintaining a high water table was the only option that reliably reduced GHG emissions, however, this option is impractical to implement within current horticultural systems. We conclude that alternative strategies or a major change in land use (e.g., conversion from horticulture/arable to wetland) should be explored as a means of preserving these soils for future generations.

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Section: Effect Of Water Table Manipulation On Ghg Emissionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Mitigating GHG emissions from these soils is therefore a priority, especially as this could M A N U S C R I P T A C C E P T E D ACCEPTED MANUSCRIPT 4 substantially reduce the agricultural C footprint in some countries (UK Parliament, 2008;Kløve et al, 2017).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficacy of mitigation measures for reducing greenhouse gas emissions from intensively cultivated peatlands

Taft

Cross

Jones

2018

Soil Biology and Biochemistry

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“…Targeting mitigation measures taking regional aspects into account would probably yield the best results nationwide, and actions based on peat quality and hydrology, for example, have been suggested [6]. Also, the regional significance of organic soils in farming affects the possibilities to change land use or management practices.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mapping of cultivated organic soils for targeting greenhouse gas mitigation

et al. 2019

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Cultivated organic soils can be a major source of GHG emissions in countries with high coverage of peat soils. Targeting mitigation measures based on mapping of cultivated organic soils would reduce these emissions and increase sustainability of agriculture. Different georeferenced datasets were combined to study the area trend and describe current agricultural use of organic soils. The area was also mapped regionally into classes based on intensity of cultivation and organic layer depth, and an example allocation of potential mitigation measures was made at the country scale. The area and proportion of cultivated organic soils have increased in Finland since 1990 but the clearance rate has decreased in recent years. More than half of the area retains a peat layer deeper than 0.6 m indicating long-lasting mitigation potential with measures capable of slowing peat decomposition. Sixty-five percent of the cultivated organic soil area was not considered a priority area for radical management changes, for various reasons, but there are 85,000 ha of field with more realistic potential for GHG mitigation. The mapping method was found to be a practical tool for depicting the GHG mitigation potential of cultivated organic soils. Significant reductions in agricultural GHG emissions can be expected with implementation of the suggested mitigation measures.

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“…Unsuitable management practices in these soils can cause irreversible changes. In this study, we have demonstrated that such practices may contribute to the emission of greenhouse gases, producing a fast loss of C reserves that have been accumulated through many million years (Kløve et al, 2017). However, despite this high fragility, in several regions similar to the study area, the Histosols are a good source of income to many urban farmers.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 83%

Impact of land use on Histosols properties in urban agriculture ecosystems of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

Santos¹,

Neto²,

García³

et al. 2020

Revista Brasileira De Ciência Do Solo

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Histosols provide several ecosystem services, related mainly to their reserves of carbon and nitrogen. Management practices in these soils can increase the mineralization of organic matter and contribute to the emission of greenhouse gases. This study aimed to investigate the effect of tillage with plowing and drainage on Histosol properties in three land use systems located in the municipality of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Three areas subjected to different land use systems over the last twenty years were chosen: Area 1, secondary forest with natural regeneration; Area 2, conventional tillage of cassava with plowing; and Area 3, intercropped coconut + cassava with an artificial drainage system. The chemical characterization, von Post scale of organic matter decomposition, percentage of rubbed fiber, organic matter, percentage of mineral material, bulk density, electrical conductivity, soluble phosphate, total organic carbon (TOC) and nitrogen (NT), organic carbon fractions, and C and N stocks were analyzed. Our results showed the critical, nearly irreversible effects of agricultural practices comprising drainage and plowing of the soil. Over twenty years, in Area 2, the TOC and NT values decreased by 33 and 20 %, respectively in the histic horizon, and by about 17 and 8 %, respectively in the gley horizon. In Area 3, the TOC and NT values decreased by 31 and 18 %, respectively, in the histic horizon, and by 27 and 21 % in the gley horizon. Our findings also showed that the loss of C is related to the labile organic carbon, which is more sensitive to environmental changes, even at deeper depths. The plowing of the soil decreases the organic matter content due to the accelerated oxidation of organic matter, increasing the bulk density. Drainage, besides the loss of organic matter by subsidence, promotes the sulfidization of the soil with a high content of SO 4 2-, due to the oxidation of soil materials containing sulfides.

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Future options for cultivated Nordic peat soils: Can land management and rewetting control greenhouse gas emissions?

Cited by 62 publications

References 31 publications

Efficacy of mitigation measures for reducing greenhouse gas emissions from intensively cultivated peatlands

Efficacy of mitigation measures for reducing greenhouse gas emissions from intensively cultivated peatlands

Mapping of cultivated organic soils for targeting greenhouse gas mitigation

Impact of land use on Histosols properties in urban agriculture ecosystems of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

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