Future Renewable Energy Communities Based Flexible Power Systems

Abstract

This paper presents a new holistic approach that combines solutions for the future power systems. It describes clearly how solar energy is definitely the best outlet for a clean and sustainable planet, either due to their use in both vertical (V) or horizontal (H) forms such as: hydroelectric V&H, wind V&H, thermo-oceanic V&H, water movement sea V&H (tides and waves), solar thermoelectric, PV, and surface geothermal energy. New points of view and simple formulas are suggested to calculate the best characteristic intensity, storage means and frequency for specific places and how to manage the most well-known renewable sources of energy. Future renewables-based power system requires a huge amount of flexibility from different type and size of controllable energy resources. These flexible energy resources can be used in an aggregated manner to provide different ancillary services for the distribution and transmission network. In addition, flexible energy resources and renewable generation can be utilized in different kinds of energy communities and smart cities to benefit all stakeholders and society at the same time with future-proof market structures, new business models and management schemes enabling increased utilization of flexible energy resources. Many of the flexible energy resources and renewable-based generation units are also inverter-interfaced and therefore the authors present future power converter systems for energy sources as well as the latest age of multilevel converters.

Performance Analysis and Comparative Study of a 467.2 kWp Grid-Interactive SPV System: A Case Study

“…Compared with centralized PV power, the decentralized PV power plant has positive possibilities because of its novel benefit that it is comparable in power generation and use, lessening or, in any event, wiping out the expense of power transmission [23]. In a decentralized SPV framework, every DC source can be associated with the DC supply without much of a stretch on the grounds that the primary need to control the DC voltage is to restrict the startup current [24]. The installation cost of the same rating SPV power generation plant on the rooftop of different buildings is greater than the centralized plant on a single rooftop.…”

“…However, of course, due to the limitation of space, decentralized installations are used, and there are also some advantages of these installations. with the DC supply without much of a stretch on the grounds that the primary need to control the DC voltage is to restrict the startup current [24]. The installation cost of the same rating SPV power generation plant on the rooftop of different buildings is greater than the centralized plant on a single rooftop.…”

Increasing Self-Sufficiency of Energy Community by Common Thermal Energy Storage

“…Ref. [16] discussed in what ways energy community-based power systems increase the flexibility of future power systems and compensate for a high share of intermittent renewable resources. The paper also reviewed the power-electronic devices and potential flexible energy resources that can be deployed in future energy communities.…”

Renewable energy community design and evaluation according to the Italian regulation

“…However, besides the regulation, many technical issues to increase the contribution of renewable energy are still open questions [7]. On the generation side, a possible strategy could be the adoption of polygeneration systems to achieve a more flexible production of renewables, as proposed by Bartolini et al and Simões et al [8,9]. Moreover, the increase of the selfconsumption rate through integration with different systems, such as hydrogen production, as shown by for Pastore et al [10] and other studies [11,12] represents a viable solution.…”