Superficial bladder cancer is a highly malignant tumor that may precede invasive bladder cancer. Without timely treatment, there is a high probability of malignancy. Therefore, it is important to take effective measures for timely treatment and prevent disease progression. Based on this, a randomized controlled trial was conducted in this study. Patients were randomly assigned to different treatment groups using a random number table. Different treatment outcomes were observed under two treatment methods, including perioperative indicators, tumor marker levels, quality of life scores, inflammatory factor levels, urinary function, and incidence of postoperative complications. The therapeutic effect of transurethral and suprapubic laser therapy for superficial bladder tumors was analyzed, aiming to provide certain assistance for the treatment of superficial bladder tumors in clinical practice.