To solve the key problems of strong infrared radiation, poor continuous combat capability of the system, serious ablation of the launching device, and environmental pollution during missile launch, electromagnetic launch system (EMLS) has been studied for missile launching tasks. Since most of the current research is aimed at the key technologies and there is a lack of evaluation and balance of the entire system, the effectiveness of the missile electromagnetic launch system (MEMLS) needs to be evaluated. To solve the shortcomings of the existing effectiveness evaluation model, this paper establishes an improved model for effectiveness evaluation. The new model takes the availability-dependability-capability (ADC) model as the basic evaluation framework. The L20(2 19) orthogonal table is constructed by using the orthogonal design idea without interaction. On the basis of quantifying and normalizing the indicators, different weighting methods are adopted according to the different characteristics of the two level indicators. The improved combination weighting model of game theory (ICWGT) is used to obtain the combined weights for indicators of each level. To coordinate the incompleteness, ambiguity, and randomness of the information, and at the same time meet the requirements of flexible numerical feature values, the asymmetric gray cloud model (AGCM) is used to determine the evaluation level and evaluation value of the inherent capability C. On the basis of calculating the effectiveness evaluation value of each scheme by ADC model, the significance of each capability indicator of MEMLS was analyzed by variance analysis method. The conclusions obtained are consistent with the actual situation, which verifies the effectiveness of the model. INDEX TERMS Missile electromagnetic launch system (MEMLS), Effectiveness evaluation, Availabilitydependability-capability (ADC) model, Orthogonal design, The improved combination weighting model of game theory (ICWGT), Asymmetric gray cloud model (AGCM)