Energy transition is an important factor when dealing with climate change and energy crisis under resource constraints. The performance evaluation of it is significant for improving and promoting the process of energy transition. This paper explores the application of the support vector machine improved by the artificial bee colony algorithm (IABC-SVM) method in the energy transition performance evaluation process. It provides an intelligent evaluation tool for the evaluation of the regional energy transition performance. Firstly, the evaluation indicator system of energy transition is constructed from five dimensions: energy supply, demand, efficiency, institution, and environment. Then, the technique for order preference by a similar to ideal solution improved by a combination weighting (CW-TOPSIS) method and IABC-SVM are constructed. After that, according to the evaluation values of 30 provinces in China calculated by CW-TOPSIS, 10-fold cross validation is used to compare the errors of support vector machine (SVM), support vector machine optimized by the artificial bee colony algorithm (ABC-SVM), and IABC-SVM, which proves the effectiveness and accuracy of IABC-SVM in evaluating the performance of energy transition. Finally, the IABC-SVM is used to evaluate the energy transition performance of 30 provinces in 2016. Through a comparative analysis, the relevant suggestions of energy transition are put forward. Keywords: energy transition; evaluation; the technique for order preference by a similar to ideal solution improved by combination weighting; support vector machine improved by the artificial bee colony algorithm Energies 2019, 12, 3059 2 of 21 and the scientificity of the evaluation method. In recent years, scholars have studied many aspects of energy evaluation, such as energy development evaluation [3][4][5], energy security evaluation [6-10], energy structure evaluation [11][12][13][14], energy efficiency evaluation [15][16][17][18], etc.The evaluation of energy development can also be divided into the evaluation of sustainable energy development, the evaluation and prediction of energy resources, and the evaluation of environmental benefits of energy development. Reference [3] combined the energy demand with the growth rates in various sectors of the economy, formatting standardized data sets, which are used separately by member states of the European community for multi-regional and multi-cycle energy analysis. Li et al. [4] constructed the comprehensive evaluation index of renewable energy from the four aspects of economy, technology, resources, and the environment, and the model of the comprehensive evaluation and structure optimization of renewable energy in China was established. Su et al.[5] evaluated the impact of energy pollution in the whole supply chain from production and transportation to consumer terminals from the perspective of the product life cycle.For the evaluation of energy security, Cherp et al. [6] argued that climate policy can reduce the dependence of the energy supply, energ...