GABA Synapses, Depression, and Antidepressant Drugs

Lloyd, Kenneth G.; Pichat, Philippe

doi:10.1007/978-3-642-71288-3_14

Cited by 7 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…A subsequent study by the same group (Monteleone et al 1990a) reported that 15 and 35 days of treatment with amitriptyline (100 mg/day), imipramine (100 mg/day) and fluoxetine (20 mg/day) also did not modify this endocrine response in 10 male depressed patients, even when a clear therapeutic effect was obtained. These findings are in contrast with those of rat studies that showed an upregulation of GABA B receptors after chronic administration of antidepressants (Lloyd et al 1985;Lloyd and Pichat 1987).…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 87%

“…Chronic administration of tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs) normalizes cortical GABA B receptor density in both helpless (Martin et al 1989) and bulbectomized (Joly et al 1987) rats. Furthermore, chronic administration of antidepressants, including TCAs, monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAO-Is), selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), atypical antidepressants, mood stabilizers such as lithium, carbamazepine, valproate, and electroconvulsive shock (ECS), has been reported to increase GABA B receptors in rat cortex or hippocampus (Lloyd et al 1985;Lloyd and Pichat 1987;Szekely et al 1987;Motohashi et al 1989;Motohashi 1992;Pratt and Bowery 1993). Several other studies, however, were unable to confirm upregulation of GABA B receptors in the rat frontal cortex after antidepressant treatments Horton 1987, 1988;Mc-Manus and Greenshaw 1991;Engelbrecht et al 1994).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Divalproex Sodium Attenuates Growth Hormone Response to Baclofen in Healthy Human Males

Shiah

Yatham

Lam

et al. 1998

Neuropsychopharmacology

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The effect of divalproex sodium (DVP) on gamma-aminobutyric acid-B (GABAB) receptor function in humans was assessed by measuring growth hormone (GH) responses to a challenge with a GABAB receptor agonist, baclofen, in 10 male healthy volunteers. Each subject received 20 mg of baclofen at 10:00 A.M., and blood samples were collected for measuring GH before and 30, 60, 90, 120, 150, 180 min after baclofen administration. The baclofen challenge test was repeated after 1 week of treatment with DVP (1000 mg/day). The results showed that the plasma GH response to baclofen was significantly attenuated by the DVP treatment and that the degree of attenuation was positively correlated with the blood levels of valproic acid. Our findings suggest that DVP downregulates hypothalamic GABAB receptor function in humans.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 87%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Divalproex Sodium Attenuates Growth Hormone Response to Baclofen in Healthy Human Males

Shiah

Yatham

Lam

et al. 1998

Neuropsychopharmacology

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“…3H-GABA B binding was consistently ele vated after all drug treatments, Scatchard analysis showed that this was due to a Bmax increase without an effect in Kd [Pile and Lloyd, 1984;Lloyd et al, 1985;Lloyd and Pichat, 1987], To further delineate the role of GABAergic transmis sion in depressive-like behavior, we have investigated in rats the role of chronic administration of imipramine and desipramine and on GABA B binding in rat frontal cortex and hippocampus, in the learned helplessness paradigm.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Decreased GABA B Receptors in Helpless Rats: Reversal by Tricyclic Antidepressants

Martin

Pichat²,

Massol³

et al. 1989

Neuropsychobiology

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Recently, sufficient evidence has accumulated to suggest that a central GABAergic dysfunction may be primarily related to the physiopathology of affective disorders and that antidepressant mechanisms have an intrinsic GABAergic component. In depressed patients GABA levels are reported to be low in the cerebral spinal fluid and plasma, and GABA synthesis is decreased in some brain areas, including the frontal cortex. GABA mimetics exhibit antidepressant-like actions in behavioral models in the olfactory bulbectomized rat and in the learned helplessness paradigm. In the olfactory bulbectomized rat, GABA B receptors are down regulated in the frontal cortex and in the learned helplessness paradigm, GABA release is diminished in the hippocampus. These decreases are reversed by antidepressants in parallel with their behavioral activities. In this study, data obtained indicate that in the learned helplessness paradigm, GABA B receptors are decreased in the frontal cortex and this decrease is reversed by imipramine and desipramine (16 mg/kg/day) in animals which are considered to be ‘responders’ to antidepressant treatments.

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“…SSRIs, among other classes of antidepressants, were reported to upregulate GABA receptors in animal models and clinical studies. 50 51 Other studies also found that serotonin stimulates GABAergic interneurons directly. 52 53 5-HT2 and 5-HT3 receptors are responsible for the release of GABA from GABAergic interneurons in the hippocampal region and dentate gyrus, respectively.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Effects of Psychotropic Drugs on Seizure Threshold during Electroconvulsive Therapy

Chi

Jeong

Lee

et al. 2017

Psychiatry Investig

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ObjectiveTo analyze the relationship between seizure threshold (ST) and psychotropic drugs in patients treated with ECT.MethodsWe examined clinical data from 43 patients. ST was titrated at each treatment session. We examined associations between ST and psychotropic drugs using multivariate correlation analyses. Data are presented as initial ST, the difference in ST between the first and 10th sessions (ΔST10th), and the mean difference in ST between the first and last sessions (mean ΔSTlast).ResultsMultivariate regression analyses showed associations between initial ST and the total chlorpromazine-equivalent dose of antipsychotics (β=0.363, p<0.05). The total fluoxetine-equivalent dose of antidepressants was associated with ΔST10th (β=0.486, p<0.01) and mean ΔSTlast (β=0.472, p<0.01).ConclusionOur study elucidated possible effects of psychotropic drugs on ST shifts. Larger doses of antipsychotics were associated with higher initial ST, whereas higher doses of antidepressants were associated with stronger shifts in ST.

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GABA Synapses, Depression, and Antidepressant Drugs

Cited by 7 publications

References 39 publications

Divalproex Sodium Attenuates Growth Hormone Response to Baclofen in Healthy Human Males

Divalproex Sodium Attenuates Growth Hormone Response to Baclofen in Healthy Human Males

Decreased GABA B Receptors in Helpless Rats: Reversal by Tricyclic Antidepressants

Effects of Psychotropic Drugs on Seizure Threshold during Electroconvulsive Therapy

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