Gait analysis and pain response of two rodent models of osteoarthritis

Gait Analysis Methods for Rodent Models of Osteoarthritis

“…Shifts in the temporal gait sequence have been reported for several unilateral pain injury models, including but not limited to peripheral carrageenan or adjuvant injection [54, 33, 55, 24•, 25, 26•] and sciatic nerve constriction [23]. Similar temporal shifts have been reported for a collagen type II antibody-induced model of inflammatory arthritis [28], intra-articular over-expression of interleukin-1 [18], monoiodoacetate (MIA) model of knee OA [16••, 56, 57], ACLT model of knee OA [16••], and for the MMT model of knee OA [17••]. …”

“…For stride length symmetry (left step length divided by stride length), a stride length symmetry less than 0.5 tends to indicate left limb injury (left step length is less than 50 % of the stride length) and greater than 0.5 tends to indicate right limb injury. Like temporal imbalance, abnormalities in spatial gait parameters have been reported for a number of rodent models of knee OA [56, 16••, 18, 17••, 58, 57]. …”

“…Here, researchers rely on behavioral assays to elucidate pain-related behaviors [12–14]. Since joint pain is often associated with motion, gait analyses have recently been used to detect pain-related behaviors in rodent OA models, including genetic, chemical, and surgical models of OA [15, 16••, 17••, 18, 19, 20••, 21, 22]. In recent years, multiple gait analysis approaches have been developed for rodents [17••, 23, 24•, 25, 26•, 21, 27], but differences among approaches have introduced some inconsistency in gait parameters reported in the literature.…”

Pharmacological modulation of brain activity in a preclinical model of osteoarthritis

“…This study suggests that the central pharmacology of celecoxib is considered to substantially contribute to its analgesic efficacy (Cashman, 1996;Ciceri et al, 2002). To date, the in vivo body of work where celecoxib has been evaluated in the context of pain and analgesia has primarily focused on preclinical behavioral readouts assessing thermal and mechanical hypersensitivity (Ferland et al, 2011). The extent to which celecoxib functionally modulates supraspinal circuitry has not been previously characterized using in vivo methods such as phMRI.…”

Pre-clinical Characterization of Tissue Engineering Constructs for Bone and Cartilage Regeneration

“…8, 19 Similarly, when employing a disease, infection, or chronic injury in animal models, the use of clinically relevant tests of efficacy such as assessment of nociception, gait, and motor activity should be considered. 42, 87 Increased consensus and standardization in regards to the adaptation of different scoring systems, parameters of measurement, and statistical analysis will enable improved comparison across studies to enhance efficacy of tissue engineered products.…”