Gallic acid-based dendrimers with a thiacalix[4]arene core: synthesis, aggregation and use for stabilization of Pd nanoparticles

Abstract

First-generation gallic acid-based “click” dendrimers with a thiacalix[4]arene core, including a symmetric dendrimer with four dendrons and amphiphilic dendrimers with alkyl lipoiphilic groups, were synthesized using convergent approach.

Epichlorohydrin-based CuAAC dendrimers with a calix[4]arene core and polar hydroxyl/oxyethyl terminal groups: synthesis, aggregation and use in catalysis

“…The model reaction of PNP reduction is widely spread in the literature, so it is possible to compare the catalytic activity of the studied systems with the literature ones. The obtained K app values (in min −1 units, Table S2, ESI†) are not inferior, and in most cases exceed the reported K app values for 4-NP reduction by palladium nanofibers 48 (0.252 min −1 ); Pd nanocubes 49 (0.5035 min −1 ), palladium nanoparticles stabilised on dragon fruit peel extract 50 (0.155 min −1 ); palladium nanoparticles, stabilised on polydopamine-modified eggshell membrane 50 (0.135 min −1 ) and our own catalytic systems: Pd, stabilised on gallic acid – based macrocyclic dendrimers 25 (0.30 min −1 ) and Pd, made by chemical reduction of amphiphilic NHC-PEPPSI complexes 51 (0.402 min −1 ).…”

“…16–20 Such structures, in addition to the inherent branched structure of dendrimers, have the ability to self-assemble to form various nanostructures, including both conventional micelles 19 and liposome-like dendrimersomes. 21 The unique chemistry of calix- and thiacalix[4]arenes, consisting of the possibility of modification of both lower and upper rims, as well as the presence of four stereoisomers, made them a convenient platform to use both as a dendrimer's core 22–27 and as dendrones. 28…”