Gamma-oryzanol as a potential modulator of oxidative stress and inflammation via PPAR-y in adipose tissue: a hypothetical therapeutic for cytokine storm in COVID-19?

Lecarpentier²,

2021

Front. Immunol.

The Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2), has quickly reached pandemic proportions. Cytokine profiles observed in COVID-19 patients have revealed increased levels of IL-1β, IL-2, IL-6, and TNF-α and increased NF-κB pathway activity. Recent evidence has shown that the upregulation of the WNT/β-catenin pathway is associated with inflammation, resulting in a cytokine storm in ARDS (acute respire distress syndrome) and especially in COVID-19 patients. Several studies have shown that the WNT/β-catenin pathway interacts with PPARγ in an opposing interplay in numerous diseases. Furthermore, recent studies have highlighted the interesting role of PPARγ agonists as modulators of inflammatory and immunomodulatory drugs through the targeting of the cytokine storm in COVID-19 patients. SARS-CoV2 infection presents a decrease in the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) associated with the upregulation of the WNT/β-catenin pathway. SARS-Cov2 may invade human organs besides the lungs through the expression of ACE2. Evidence has highlighted the fact that PPARγ agonists can increase ACE2 expression, suggesting a possible role for PPARγ agonists in the treatment of COVID-19. This review therefore focuses on the opposing interplay between the canonical WNT/β-catenin pathway and PPARγ in SARS-CoV2 infection and the potential beneficial role of PPARγ agonists in this context.

Section: Pparg Agonists In Sars-cov-2 Infectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interplay of Opposing Effects of the WNT/β-Catenin Pathway and PPARγ and Implications for SARS-CoV2 Treatment

Lecarpentier²,

2021

Front. Immunol.

“…Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR-γ) is a nuclear receptor that has a role in inflammation through regulating related gene expression and is vastly expressed in the adipose tissue. Gammaoryzanol has shown a reduction in adipose tissue inflammatory status in male Wistar rats treated with this agent in a previous study (71).…”

Section: Other Agents With Possible Anti-inflammatory Effectsmentioning

confidence: 70%

Prospective approach to manage COVID-19-related cytokine storm; an updated review on current concepts

Bahmani¹,

Saberian²

2021

J Prev Epidemiol

Coronavirus disease 2019 or COVID-19, caused by the novel human coronavirus named severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), first emerged in late 2019, in the city of Wuhan, Hubei province, China. Unfortunately, despite many efforts to find cures for SARS-CoV-2 disease, still the management of severe cases remains challenging. In severe forms of COVID-19, proinflammatory cytokines are notably elevated (3) and reminiscent of the secondary hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH). According to many studies, immune imbalance and an uncontrolled massive release of inflammatory cytokines have a significant role in COVID-19 severity and ARDS pathophysiology. Accordingly, targeting the over-activated immune system to prevent tissue damage is now one of the most noticed possible strategies to manage severe COVID-19 cases. In the present study, we reviewed studies and clinical trials conducted in this regard.

“…In light of safety and efficacy evaluations, the LHQW administration could be considered useful for the treatment of COVID-19 to improve the clinical symptoms [ 235 ]. Recently, the gamma-oryzanol has also been hypothesized by traditional Chinese medicine as therapeutic for cytokine storms in COVID-19 according to its anti-inflammatory, antioxidant activities and neuroprotective functions [ 237 , 238 ].…”

Section: Lianhuaqingwen (Lhqw) Herbal Compoundmentioning

confidence: 99%

SARS-CoV-2 Disease Adjuvant Therapies and Supplements Breakthrough for the Infection Prevention

Inchingolo

Bordea

et al. 2021

Microorganisms

The SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2) is a high-risk viral agent involved in the recent pandemic stated worldwide by the World Health Organization. The infection is correlated to a severe systemic and respiratory disease in many cases, which is clinically treated with a multi-drug pharmacological approach. The purpose of this investigation was to evaluate through a literature overview the effect of adjuvant therapies and supplements for the SARS-CoV-2 infection. The research has analyzed the advantage of the EK1C4, by also assessing the studies on the resveratrol, vitamin D, and melatonin as adjuvant supplements for long hauler patients’ prognosis. The evaluated substances reported important benefits for the improvement of the immune system and as a potential inhibitor molecules against SARS-CoV-2, highlighting the use of sartans as therapy. The adjuvant supplements seem to create an advantage for the healing of the long hauler patients affected by chronic symptoms of constant chest and heart pain, intestinal disorders, headache, difficulty concentrating, memory loss, and tachycardia.